舰船用保温绝缘材料的相关研究在船舶设计及建造过程中长期受到学者们的关注。隔热绝缘材料性能的优劣不仅影响到舰船的居住环境、安全性和服役寿命，甚至关系到部队的战斗力。本文首先对材料的隔热保温原理进行分析，并依据材质的不同对舰船领域涉及到的无机、有机、气凝胶超级隔热材料及由上述材料复合而成的复合隔热材料的种类、组成、性能及应用进行回顾总结；其次对舰船用隔热保温材料尚需解决的问题进行分析，并对其未来发展方向进行展望。
Thermal insulating materials for warships has always been a subject that is widely concerned and highly valued for researchers during the design and manufacture of various warships. The performance of thermal insulating materials is closely related with the living conditions, safety as well as the service life of a warship, and can even influence the battle effectiveness of am army. This paper first briefly analyzed the mechanisms of materials' thermal insulation property and made a review on properties and research status of warship used thermal insulating materials both domestic and abroad, including the inorganic, organic foaming, nano-aerogels and composite thermal insulating materials, on the basis of different compositions. Then, this paper analyzed the problems to be solved for present warship used thermal insulating materials and summarized the future developments for them.
2016,38(10): 1-6 收稿日期：2016-2-29
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7619.2016.10.001
分类号：U668.3
作者简介：段晨(1987-),男,博士,工程师,研究方向为舱室大气环境控制。
参考文献：
[1] 王在铎. 纳米隔热材料在舰船上的应用前景[J]. 宇航材料工艺, 2011, 41(3):12-15.
[2] ZHAO S Y, ZHANG B M, HE X D. Temperature and pressure dependent effective thermal conductivity of fibrous insulation[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2009, 48(2):440-448.
[3] 石明伟, 胡津津, 孙娇华. 无机绝热材料在船舶建造中的应用[J]. 上海造船, 2008(2):46-47.
[4] 霍素真. 以蛭石为基质的高温隔热材料[J]. 国外耐火材料, 2003, 28(3):18-22.
[5] BEESTON A. Reducing the weight of structural fire protection in composite ships[J]. Brand Posten, 2006, 34:16-17.
[6] MICROTHERM. Fire safety ensured with lightweight insulation[J]. The Naval Architect, 2003(4):11.
[7] 张建设, 乔冬平. 舰艇舱室隔热材料现状及性能测试方法的异同[J]. 材料开发与应用, 2012(5):71-74.
[8] 詹茂盛, 王凯. 聚酰亚胺泡沫[M]. 北京:国防工业出版社, 2010.
[9] FRICKE J. Aerogels and their applications[J]. Journal of Non-crystalline Solids, 1992, 147-148:356-362.
[10] FRICKE J, EMMERLING A. Aerogels-recent progress in production techniques and novel applications[J]. Journal of Sol-gel Science and Technology, 1998, 13(1/3):299-303.
[11] KISTLER S S. Coherent expanded aerogels and jellies[J]. Nature, 1931, 127(3211):741.
[12] 石明伟, 胡津津. 美国海军舰船的耐火分隔技术发展[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2008, 3(5):77-80.
[13] 谢涛, 何雅玲, 吴明, 等. 气凝胶纳米多孔隔热材料传热计算模型的研究[J]. 工程物理学报, 2014, 35(2):299-304.
[14] BAUMNN T F, GASH A E, CHINN S C, et al. Synthesis of high-surface-area alumina aerogels without the use of alkoxide precursors[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2005, 17(2):395-401.
[15] POCO J F, SATCHER J H JR, HRUBESH L W. Synthesis of high porosity, monolithic alumina aerogels[J]. Journal of Non-crystalline Solids, 2001, 285(1/3):57-63.
[16] ZENG S Q, HUNT A, GREIF R. Theoretical modeling of carbon content to minimize heat transfer in silica aerogel[J]. Journal of Non-crystalline Solids, 1995, 186:271-277.
[17] PEKALA R W. Organic aerogels from the polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 1989, 24(9):3221-3227.
[18] BIESMANS G, RANDALL D, FRANCAIS E, et al. Polyurethane-based aerogels for use as environmentally acceptable super insulants[J]. Cellular Polymers, 1998, 17(1):17-30.
[19] BIESMANS G, RANDALL D, FRANCAIS E, et al. Polyurethane-based aerogels for use as environmentally acceptable super insulants in the future appliance market[J]. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 1998, 34(5):396-411.
[20] WEIGOLD L, MOHITE D P, MAHADIK-KHANOLKAR S, et al. Correlation of microstructure and thermal conductivity in nanoporous solids:the case of polyurea aerogels synthesized from an aliphatic tri-isocyanate and water[J]. Journal of Non-Crystalline solids, 2013, 368:105-111.
[21] LEE J K, GOULD G L, RHINE W. Polyurea based aerogel for a high performance thermal insulation material[J]. Journal of sol-gel Science and Technology, 2009, 49(2):209-220.
[22] 徐广平, 何江荣, 宋一华. Al2O3纤维增强SiO2气凝胶复合材料的制备及其隔热机理[J]. 材料导报B:研究篇, 2013, 27(1):112-115, 120.
[23] ZHANG Z H, SHEN J, NI X Y, et al. Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic silica aerogels doped with fibers[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2008, 37(S2):16-19.
[24] 高庆福, 冯坚, 张长瑞, 等. 陶瓷纤维增强氧化硅气凝胶隔热复合材料的力学性能[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2009, 37(1):1-5.
