不同噪声环境中的降噪需求不同，为根据噪声频谱合理设计复合吸声材料，基于穿孔板及多孔吸声材料的吸声原理，提出了改进的声-电类比法，推导出复合吸声材料吸声系数的理论计算公式。利用该种计算方法，通过数值仿真深入分析复合吸声材料内外层穿孔率，多孔材料厚度，空腔变化对吸声性能的影响，分析表明第1层板穿孔率及多孔材料厚度影响较大。最后用声学实验对计算结果进行验证，表明改进的声-电类比法有效。
The noise-reduction needs in different noise environment are different. In order to design composite sound absorption material reasonably according to the noise spectrum, based on the sound absorption principle of perforated plate and porous sound absorption material, the improved acoustic-electro analogy method was derived. Using this method,the absorption coefficient of the compound sound absorption structure was calculated. Through numerical simulation the influence of perforation rate inner and outer layers, the porous material thickness, and cavity size on sound absorption properties has been analyzed profoundly. The analysis shows that the perforation rate of the first plate and the porous material thickness have obvious influence. And the results were verified by the acoustic experiment. The results showed that the improved acoustic-electro analogy method was feasible.
2017,39(2): 65-69 收稿日期：2016-06-24
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7619.2017.02.013
分类号：TU55
基金项目：海军装备部科研资助项目
作者简介：冯爱景(1992-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为空气噪声控制。
参考文献：
[1] 马大猷. 微穿孔板吸声体的准确理论和设计[J]. 声学学报, 1997, 22(5):385-393 MA Da-you. General theory and design of microperforated-panel absorbers[J]. Acta Acustica, 1997, 22(5):385-393
[2] BERANEK L. Noise and vibration control engineering[M]. New York:John Wiley and Sorts, 1992
[3] 彭锋, 常宝军, 孙艳. 多孔吸声材料静流阻率的非线性估计[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2012, 38(11):1756-1760 PENG Feng, CHANG Bao-jun, SUN Yan. Nonlinear estimation of static flow resistivity of porous sound absor-bing materials[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2012, 38(11):1756-1760
[4] 赵晓丹, 李晓, 丁瑞. 机械阻抗与声阻抗结合提高微穿孔板低频吸声性能[J]. 声学学报, 2014, 39(3):360-364 ZHAO Xiao-dan, LI Xiao, DING Rui. Enhancement of low-frequency sound absorption of micro-perforated panels by adding a mechanical impedance[J]. Acta Acustica, 2014, 39(3):360-364
[5] 刘秀娟, 蒋伟康. 非等厚空腔微穿孔吸声结构的声学特性研究[J]. 机械科学与技术, 2010, 29(6):755-758 LIU Xiu-juan, JIANG Wei-kang. Acoustic characteristics of micro-perforated panel acoustic absorbers with variable cavity depth[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2010, 29(6):755-758
[6] 杜功焕. 声学基础(第三版)[M]. 南京:南京大学出版社, 2012
[7] 朱从云, 黄其柏. 多层吸声材料吸声系数的理论计算[J]. 声学技术, 2008, 27(1):101-105 ZHU Cong-yun, HUANG Qi-bai. Calculation of absorption coefficient of the multiple-layer absorbers[J]. Technical Acoustics, 2008, 27(1):101-105
[8] 刘新金, 刘建立, 徐伯俊, 等. 分层多孔材料吸声结构的性能分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2012, 31(5):106-110 LIU Xin-jin, LIU Jian-li, XU Bo-jun, et al. Acoustic analysis for a sound-absorbing structure with multi-layered porous material[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2012, 31(5):106-110
[9] P. M. 莫尔斯. K. U. 英格特, 理论声学[M]. 杨训仁译, 北京:科学出版社, 1986
[10] INGARD U. On the radiation of sound into a circular tube, with an application to resonators[J]. Acoustical Society of America, 1948, 45(6):665-674
[11] 徐志云. 阻抗复合吸声、消声结构的理论与声学特性研究[D]. 武汉:华中科技大学, 1999
[12] 吴九汇. 振动与噪声前沿理论及应用(第1版)[M]. 西安:西安交通大学出版社, 2014.
[13] 刘恺. 基于VA one的多孔吸声材料的应用仿真研究[D]. 武汉:武汉理工大学, 2010.
