大深度载人潜航器观察窗作为驾驶员观察周围环境的窗口，其受力情况复杂，直接影响整机的安全性，针对其受力情况进行分析。在传统理论分析方法的基础上，提出适用于锥台形观察窗位移、应力分析的方法，建立相应的位移和应力的理论分析模型，对2种边界条件下的位移和应力进行分析；利用有限元分析软件，对比理论计算和有限元分析结果，分析无网格和有网格2种方法的差异与优劣；建立观察窗位移试验台，对主、侧观察窗的轴向位移开展试验研究，并对试验结果进行分析拟合，最后将试验拟合结果与理论计算和有限元分析结果进行对比。对观察窗的Fatigue Life进行分析，分析的疲劳寿命结果代入Miner理论公式中，计算大观察窗和小观察窗的疲劳损伤情况。结果表明：理论计算结果可以较好地反应观察窗上的位移分布，有限元分析结果偏大；主观察窗的使用寿命为26 432 Circle，侧观察窗的使用寿命为21 359 Circle。
Large depth of deep-sea human occupied vehicle's viewports as a driver to observe the surrounding environment, the force of the viewports is complex situation, which has a direct impact on the safety of the machine. On the basis of the traditional theoretical analysis method, the method of displacement and stress analysis of the frustum-shaped observation window is put forward, and the corresponding theoretical analysis model of displacement and stress is established. The displacement and stress are analyzed under the two boundary conditions. The results show that the axial displacement of the main and lateral observation windows can be used to study the difference between the two methods of the grid and the grid. And the test results are analyzed and fitted. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the theoretical and finite element analysis results. The Fatigue Life of the observation window is analyzed and the fatigue life of the analysis is substituted into the Miner formula to calculate the fatigue damage of the large observation window and the small observation window. The results show that the theoretical calculation results can reflect the displacement distribution on the window, and the finite element analysis result is too large. The service life of the main window is 26 432 Circle and the life of the side view window is 21 359 Circle.
2017,(): 61-68 收稿日期：2017-04-07
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2017.11.012
分类号：TH16;U463.212
基金项目：淮安市科技局支撑计划资助项目（HAP201620）
作者简介：喻步贤(1966-),男,硕士,副教授,主要从事机械设计、数控加工工艺设计和数控机床故障诊断研究等
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