无人水下航行器（UUV）是一种无人驾驶，通过遥控或自动控制在水下航行的航行体，具有自主性、低风险性、隐蔽性、可部署性和环境适应性的特点，具有重要的军事价值。UUV以潜艇或水面舰为支援平台能够长时间在水下自主远程航行，并且可作为多种传感器的搭载平台，可应用于探扫雷、海洋监视侦察、潜艇探测、水下障碍物搜索定位以及通信导航等多个领域。随着以水下电场传感器、磁场传感器为代表的非声探测传感器技术和信息处理技术的发展，利用UUV平台搭载电磁传感器对水下目标进行探测、定位和识别已经受到国内外高度重视，具有广泛的应用前景。本文将首先对国内外典型UUV进行介绍，在此基础上阐述UUV水下电磁探测的基本原理，介绍UUV水下电磁探测的国内外发展趋势，最后对UUV水下电磁探测应用前景进行展望和分析。
Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) is one type of navigation vehicle with characteristic of unmanned, by means of remote control or automatic control sailing underwater, it has the features of autonomy character, low-risk character, elusive character, deploy character and environment adaptability etc, that is provided with significant military value. UUV use submarines and surface ships as supporting platform so that it could ensure long time long-distance autonomously sailing, besides it could regard as various sensors' carrying platforms, applying into detect mine clearance, ocean surveillance reconnoiter, submarine detection, searching stumbling block underwater fixed position and communication navigation etc. multi-areas.The development of sensors' technology and information processing technology, electric field sensors, magnetic sensors underwater as representative non-acoustic detective sensors, taking advantage of UUV platform with electromagnetism sensors, aiming at underwater targets so that developing detection, fixed position and identification, this technology has already received great value domestic and overseas, that is provided with extensively applying foreground. The paper gives relatively presentation of typical UUV domestic and overseas for the first time, on the basis of it, elaboration UUV underwater electromagnetism detection's basic fundamental theory, besides it concludes introducing UUV underwater electromagnetism detection's development tendency domestic and overseas, at last, the paper emphasizes UUV underwater electromagnetism detection's applying foreground, according to the topic, looking into the distance and analyzing in detail.
2017,(): 10-13,43 收稿日期：2017-05-16
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2017.12.003
分类号：P733.6
作者简介：闫祎(1973-),女,高级工程师,研究方向为水中目标特性
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