目前集装箱船的运力越来越大，在追逐高效设计的时候往往忽视了结构的安全可靠性，近10年里有多艘大型集装箱船发生了安全营运事故，甚至有2条在海上直接发生船体结构失效折断的恶性事件，据调查其在设计中低估了结构承载能力。为了保证大型集装箱船在营运中使用的安全性和航行时结构的可靠性，国际船级社协会专门组织部长级会议研讨提高载荷设计值，要求评估典型货舱结构的极限强度，修改集装箱船的规范要求，以此避免今后大型集装箱船再次遭遇严重事故。本文针对1艘10 000箱大型集装箱船的典型货舱结构，基于逐步破坏法和非线性有限元法，分别计算了垂向和水平方向的极限强度，以及垂向和水平联合作用下的极限强度。计算结果表明，在初步设计阶段评估大型集装箱船的货舱结构极限强度时，可以采用规范要求的逐步破坏法，但是考虑到海上波浪环境条件的恶劣性，以及集装箱船自身结构的特殊性，应该利用非线性有限元法进行直接计算。
At present, the hold capacity of containerships is getting larger and larger. When chasing efficient design, the safety and reliability of the structures are often neglected. In the past ten years, many large containerships have experienced safety operations, and there are even two vicious incidents in which hull structural failures occur directly at sea. According to the survey, the structural ultimate limit state is underestimated in the design. In order to ensure the safety of the large containerships in operation and the reliability, the International Association of Classification Societies specially organized a ministerial meeting to discuss the improvement of the load design value. It is required to evaluate the ultimate strength of the typical cargo structure and to modify the specification requirements of the container ship to avoid serious accidents in the future of large containerships. In this paper, based on the gradual collapse method and the nonlinear finite element method for the typical cargo structure of a 10,000 TEU containership, the ultimate strength in the vertical and horizontal directions and the ultimate strength under the combined vertical and horizontal are calculated. The calculation results show that the gradual collapse method of the specification can be adopted when designing and evaluating the ultimate strength of the cargo structure of large containerships. However, considering the harshness of the sea wave environmental conditions and the particularity of the container ship's own structure, nonlinearity should be utilized.
2018,40(12): 16-21 收稿日期：2018-03-12
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2018.12.004
分类号：U661
基金项目：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目（2013CB036100）
作者简介：滕蓓(1985-),女,讲师,研究方向为船舶与海洋结构物结构性能
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