针对解脱器活塞在停射过程中出现断裂的现象，采用基于故障树最小割集分析方法，建立解脱器活塞断裂的最小割集故障树，并通过有限元分析方法、材料微观分析法以及冲击功测试等方法对最小割集中的故障类型进行验证，试验结果表明：活塞热处理硬度偏高，同时二次镀铬不除氢或除氢时间短，造成活塞氢含量高，是导致活塞断裂的主要原因。本文的研究方法具有理论与工程应用价值，对其他工程故障分析解决和生产工艺的制定提供参考。
Aiming at the phenomenon of fracture in the process of stopping shooting of a reliever piston, the analytical method of the fault tree is used to establish the minimum cut set fault tree of the reliever piston fracture based on the minimum cut set. The fault types in the minimum cut set are verified by the finite element analysis method, the material microanalysis method and the impact power test.The experimental results show that the high hardness of the piston and the short time of hydrogen removal in the secondary chromium plating causing the high hydrogen content of the piston are the main causes of the piston fracture.The research method of this paper has the value of theory and engineering application, and provides the reference for other engineering fault analysis and solution and the formulation of production technology.
2019,41(1): 133-137,151 收稿日期：2018-06-19
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2019.01.026
分类号：U664.43
基金项目：“十三五”海军预研课题资助项目（3020801050202）
作者简介：杨宏亮(1978-),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为小口径舰炮总体设计
参考文献：
[1] 金美华, 王晓勇. 故障树分析在船舶起货机液压系统中的应用仿真[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2017, 39(7A):152-154 JIN Mei-hua, WANG Xiao-yong. The simulation application in the marine crane hydraulic system in fault tree analysis[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2017, 39(7A):152-154
[2] 陈炉云, 张裕芳. 基于故障树法的船舶舱室人因可靠性研究[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2012, 34(1):111-113 CHEN Lu-yun, ZHANG Yu-fang. Research on human reliability analysis of ship chamber based on fault tree[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2012, 34(1):111-113
[3] 田建涛, 余志龙, 闫青. 故障树分析法在工程机械维修中应用[J]. 工程机械文摘, 2015, 1:86-87 TIAN Jian-tao, YU Zhi-long, YAN Qin. Application of fault tree analysis method in maintenance of construction machinery[J]. Construction Machinery Digest, 2015, 1:86-87
[4] 王巍, 崔海英, 黄文虎. 基于故障树最小割集和最小路集的诊断方法研究[J]. 数据采集与处理, 1999, 14(1):26-29 WANG Wei, CUI Hai-ying, HUANG Wen-hu. A diagnosis approach based on minimal cut sets and minimal path sets of fault tree[J]. Journal of Data Acquisition & Processing, 1999, 14(1):26-29
[5] 陈凤友, 陈忠一. 故障树分析法在雷达发射机故障诊断中的应用[J]. 电子机械工程, 2013, 29(3):61-64 CHEN Feng-you, CHEN Zhong-yi. Application of fault tree analysis to radar transmitter fault diagnosis[J]. Electro-Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 29(3):61-64
[6] 李静. 故障树分析法在工程机械维修中的应用[J]. 企业技术开发, 2016(7):33-34 LI Jing. Application of fault tree analysis in engineering machinery maintenance[J]. Technological Development of Enterprise, 2016(7):33-34
[7] 张军. 故障树最小割集法在S76直升机故障诊断中的应用[J]. 航空维修与工程, 2015, 12:79-80 ZHANG Jun. Application of fault tree's minimum cut set in the S76 helicopter failure diagnosis[J]. Aviation Maintenance & Engineering, 2015, 12:79-80
[8] 邢晓辰, 蔡远文, 程龙, 等. 基于故障树的目标航天器在轨故障定位[J]. 兵工自动化, 2013, 32(10):71-75 XING Xiao-chen, CAI Yuan-wen, CHEN Long, et al. On-orbit fault positioning of target spacecraft based on fault tree[J]. Ordnance Industry Automation, 2013, 32(10):71-75
[9] 刘超, 田晓丽, 梁东晨, 等. 迫击炮弹近弹原因的故障树分析[J]. 机械工程与自动化, 2015(5):110-112 LIU Chao, TIAN Xiao-li, LIANG Dong-chen, et al. Fault tree analysis of the causes of mortar projectiles[J]. Mechanical Engineering & Automation, 2015(5):110-112
[10] 丁丽平. Q&P热处理工艺对低合金耐磨钢组织和性能的影响研究[D]. 郑州:郑州大学, 2013.
[11] 程宗辉, 张世东, 黄超, 等. 飞机起落架固定螺栓氢脆断裂研究[J]. 失效分析与预防, 2016, 11(2):129-132 CHENG Zong-hui, ZHANG Shi-dong, HUANG Chao, et al. Research on hydrogen embrittlement fracture of fixing bolt of undercarriage[J]. Failure Analysis and Prevention, 2016, 11(2):129-132
[12] 胡小华, 陈兴安, 马林, 等. 65 Mn卡箍氢脆断裂失效分析[J]. 金属制品, 2015, 41(3):59-61 HU Xiao-hua, CHEN Xing-an, MA Lin, et al. Failure analysis of 65Mn clamp hydrogen embrittlement[J]. Metal Products, 2015, 41(3):59-61
[13] 孙国峰. 40 Cr钢螺栓断裂分析[J]. 金属制品, 2011, 37(5):80-82 SUN Guo-feng. Fracture analysis of 40Cr steel bolt[J]. Metal Products, 2011, 37(5):80-82
[14] 王立玲, 张冰洋, 宗长江. 链轮轴裂纹形成原因分析[J]. 机械制造, 2018, 56(642):57-59 WANG Zhi-ling, ZHANG Bing-yang, ZONG Chang-jiang. Case study of crack formation in sprocket shaft[J]. Machinery, 2018, 56(642):57-59
