针对柴油机燃烧工况变化引起的轴系扭振问题，以某集装箱船作为研究对象，运用有限元方法对该船舶推进轴系进行固有频率的计算分析，确定可以代表轴系扭转振动的参考点，并将柴油机正常燃烧和单缸熄火的工况对轴系扭振的影响进行仿真分析。结果表明：在低频率阶次的振动情况下，曲轴的振幅比中间轴和尾轴的大，并且曲轴扭转角的最大位置基本上发生在输出端，尾轴中最大的扭转角和扭矩发生在螺旋桨处；柴油机在正常燃烧情况下的推进轴系的扭转振幅小；在单缸熄火的情况下，熄火气缸越接近曲轴的输出端，轴系螺旋桨处的最大扭转角度越小，但减小的幅度不大。
Aiming at the problem of the torsional vibration of the shaft system caused by the change of the combustion condition of the diesel engine, a container ship is taken as the research object, and the finite element method is used to calculate and analyze the natural frequency of the ship's propulsion shafting, to determine the measurement points of representative torsional vibration output. The influence of normal combustion and single cylinder extinction on torsional vibration of shafting has been compared and analyzed. The results show that the amplitude of crankshaft is larger than that of intermediate shaft and stern shaft under low frequency vibration. Moreover, the maximum position of the crankshaft twist angle basically occurs at the output end, and the largest twist angle and torque in the stern shaft occurs at the propeller. The twist angle of propulsion shafting of diesel engine is very small under normal combustion condition. Under the condition of single cylinder flameout, the closer the extinguishing cylinder approaches the output of the crankshaft, the smaller the maximum twist angle of the shaft propeller. the decrease is small.
2019,41(5): 96-99,104 收稿日期：2018-07-16
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2019.05.019
分类号：U661.3
作者简介：王瑞(1989-),男,硕士,助理工程师,研究方向为船舶推进技术
参考文献：
[1] 田哲, 张聪, 严新平. 计入船体变形激励的大型船舶推进轴系振动性能研究[J]. 船舶力学, 2015, 19(11):1368-1376 TIAN Zhe, ZHANG Cong, YAN Xin-ping. Vibration characteristic study of large vessel's shaft system taking into account the ship hull deformation excitations[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2015, 19(11):1368-1376
[2] 朱军超, 朱汉华, 严新平. 尾轴承有效接触长度对轴系振动的影响[J]. 润滑与密封, 2012(2):25-28 ZHU Jun-chao, ZHU Han-hua, YAN Xin-ping. The Effet of the Effective Contact Length of Stern Tube Bearing on Shaft Vibration[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2012(2):25-28
[3] 朱汉华, 严新平, 刘正林. 转速对油膜刚度与螺旋桨轴振动影响研究[J]. 船海工程, 2007(4):83-85 ZHU Han-hua, YAN Xin-ping, LIU Zheng-lin. Research on the influence of rotation speed upon rigidity of lubricant oil film and vibration of propeller shaft[J]. Ship and Ocean Engineering, 2007(4):83-85
[4] ERKAEV N V, NAGAITSEVA N A. Mathematical model of the unsteady motion of a shaft in a hy drodynamic plain bearing[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 2003(5):699-707
[5] KIM W H. Vibration analysis of a shafting system for a marine diesel generator set including dynamic characteristics between shell and housing of generator bearing[J]. 10th International Conference on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery, 2012(2):69-78
[6] 潘剑锋, 卢青波, 王谦. 柴油机燃烧过程的数值模拟及燃烧室改进[J]. 江苏大学学报, 2012, 33(4):390-395 PAN Jian-feng, LU Qing-bo, WANG Qian. Numerical simulation for combustion process of diesel engine and improvement of combustion chamber[J]. Journal of Jiansu University, 2012, 33(4):390-395
[7] 周瑞平, 杨建国, 张升平. 船舶推进轴系扭转振动应用软件开发研究[J]. 武汉理工大学学报, 2003, 25(3):69-72 ZHOU Rui-ping, YANG Jian-guo, ZHANG Sheng-ping. Software development of marine shaft torsional vibration on martrix VB[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2003, 25(3):69-72
[8] 李婷云, 林少芬. 船舶柴油机曲轴三维实体动力学仿真[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2012, 34(6):41-44 LI Ting-yun, LIN Shao-fen. 3-D entity dynamics simulation of marine diesel engine crankshaft[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2012, 34(6):41-44
[9] 谈微中, 张聪, 田哲. 大型船舶推进轴系扭振特性仿真和试验[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2015, 37(1):45-49 TAN Wei-zhong, ZHANG Cong, TIAN Zhe. Research on the characteristics of torsional vibration of large-scale ship propulsion shafting[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2015, 37(1):45-49
