破冰船是世界各国推进极地战略的重要抓手，具有重要的战略地位。目前，世界在役极地破冰船主要集中在俄罗斯、美国、加拿大、芬兰、瑞典、丹麦等国家。其中，俄罗斯是全世界拥有破冰船数量最多，技术最先进，极地作业能力最强的国家。美国作为世界头号强国，其极地能力建设也不容小觑。本文旨在通过对近年来美、俄极地破冰船技术更新和能力建设情况的梳理，研判未来破冰船的发展趋势，从而为我国破冰船装备建设和发展提供参考与借鉴。
Icebreakers are the important starting point for all countries to promote polar strategy, which have an important strategic position. At the present stage, the active polar icebreakers of the world are mainly concentrated in Russia, U.S., Canada, Finland, Sweden, Denmark. Among these countries, Russia has the largest number of icebreakers around the world, which has the most advanced technology and the best polar operational capability. Besides, America,with the most powerful military of the world, is accelerating polar capacity building as well. This paper aims on reviewing the technological update and capacity building of Russian and U.S. icebreakers in recent years, analyzing the development trend of icebreakers in the future, so as to provide reference for the construction and development of icebreaker equipment to China.
2019,41(8): 154-157 收稿日期：2019-03-15
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2019.08.031
分类号：U674
作者简介：黄金星(1982-),男,工程师,研究方向为海洋环境监测与管理
参考文献：
[1] 张羽, 李岳阳, 王敏. 极地破冰船发展现状与未来趋势[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2017, 39(12):188-193
[2] 沈权, 赵炎平. 破冰船技术及几种破冰方法[J]. 航海技术, 2010(1):5-7
[3] 李良伟, 杜俭业. 国外破冰船发展现状及总体设计关键技术探析[J]. 论证与研究, 2014, 30(3):17-21
