针对近场水下目标被动定位问题，提出圆台阵设计构想，推导了基阵接收数据模型和近场三维声聚焦波束形成方法，通过对切割球面上聚焦点的扫描，得到目标方位角和俯仰角，再通过对不同扫描球面上最大输出功率的比较实现目标距离估计。采用最小方差无失真响应（MVDR）波束形成方法仿真分析了圆台阵阵型对水下目标三维空间被动定位性能的影响，结果表明，圆台阵越接近平面，测距性能越好，方位角分辨率越高，但是对于俯仰角较低的目标而言，圆台阵越接近圆柱状，俯仰角分辨率越高，因此，圆台阵设计时需要对俯仰角和距离估计需求综合考虑。
Aiming at the problem of passive positioning of near-field underwater target, the design concept of circular array is put forward, the data receiving model of array data and the method of near-field three-dimensional acoustic focusing beamforming are derived, and the scanning of focus on the cutting sphere is carried out. The azimuth angle and pitch angle of the target are obtained, and the target distance estimation is realized by comparing the maximum output power on different scanning spheres.In this paper, the minimum variance distortion-free response (MVDR) beamforming method is used to simulate and analyze the influence of the array configuration on the three-dimensional passive positioning performance of underwater targets. The results show that the closer to the plane of the circular array, the better the ranging performance is. The higher the azimuth resolution is, but for the target with lower pitch angle, the closer the circular array is to the cylinder, the higher the pitch resolution is. Therefore, when designing the circular array, it is necessary to consider the requirements of pitch angle and range estimation.
2019,41(10): 153-158 收稿日期：2019-04-02
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2019.10.030
分类号：TJ630
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（61471378）
作者简介：李昆鹏(1994-)男,硕士研究生,研究方向为水声信息处理系统分析与对抗
参考文献：
[1] 陈欢, 何良, 杨德森, 等. 基于幅度补偿德MVDR水下噪声源近场定位识别方法研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2012, 31(2)
[2] 陈泓宇, 吴伟伟, 王明宇. 基于近场聚焦波束形成方法的声场定位研究[J]. 计算机仿真, (2014)1006-9348;
[3] 吴一飞, 惠娟, 牛芳, 等. 基于水平直线阵的近场目标被动定位方法研究[J]. 声学技术, 33, 5 Pt. 2 Oct, 2014, 33(10).
[4] 丁浩. 可识别声源深度的三维声聚焦波束形成方法研究[D]. 杭州:浙江工业大学, 2013.
[5] 丁浩, 李春晓, 金江明, 等. 可识别声源深度的三维声聚焦波束形成方法[J]. 传感技术学报, 2013, 26(2):175-181
[6] JUN LI, QIU-HUA LIN, CHUN-YU KANG. Performance analysis for focused beamformers in passive underwater acoustic localization, digital object identifier[EB/oL] 10.1109/ACCESSC.2018.2821766.
[7] DONG ZHANG, YONG SHUN ZHANG. Two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation for coprime planar arrays via polynomial root finding technique, Digital Object Identifier[EB/oL] 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2821919.
[8] Wen-Qin WANG, Nested array receiver with time-delayers for joint target range and angle estimation. doi:10.1049/iet-rsn.2015.0450
[9] 刘凯, 梁国龙. 基于矩阵空域预滤波的近场聚焦波束形成[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 42(1):58-61
[10] 陈欢. 直线阵潜艇噪声源高分辨定位识别方法研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学, 2011.
