对于进出口管道开口的大型船用离心风机，其内部非定常流动诱发的噪声是气动噪声和振动噪声的耦合且噪声以基频为主。本文通过数值计算方法定量研究了风机最高效率点（BEP）的基频噪声辐射，包含叶轮气动噪声、壳体气动噪声和壳体振动噪声。基于声学有限元方法，利用FW-H方程耦合URANS流场计算结果数值计算了离心风机的噪声辐射；以流动诱发壳体振动的压力脉动为噪声激励源，基于声学有限元方法，计算了壳体振动噪声辐射。结果表明，壳体基频气动噪声是风机噪声的主要贡献量（87 dB），其次是叶轮基频气动噪声（71 dB），壳体基频振动噪声最小（57 dB）。噪声叠加使总噪声辐射增加了0.9 dB，但是声场的指向性没有发生变化。
For the large marine centrifugal fans with inlet and outlet pipelines opened, the centrifugal fan noise induced by internal unsteady flow is coupled part of aeroacoustics and vibroacoustics, which presents blade passing frequency (BPF) characteristic. In this paper, the BPF noise of the best efficiency point (BEP) of the fan is quantitatively studied by numerical calculation method, including aerodynamic noise of the impeller, aerodynamic noise of the casing and vibrational noise of the casing. Applying the acoustic FEM method, the FW-H equation coupled URANS results of fluid was used to simulate the noise radiation of a centrifugal fan. Besides, based on the acoustic FEM method and took the casing fluctuations induced by the internal unsteady flow as the vibrational noise source, the vibrational noise of casing is calculated. The study results shows that: the BPF aerodynamic noise of casing (87 dB) is the main contribution component of the fan noise, the aerodynamic noise of blade surface (71 dB) is second, and the vibrational noise of casing (57 dB) is the smallest. The noise superposition increased the total noise radiation by 0.9 dB, but the directivity of the noise did not change.
2020,42(2): 126-131,136 收稿日期：2018-11-14
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2020.02.024
分类号：U661.44
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（51236006）；陕西省教育厅自然科学基金青年基金资助项目（2018JK0410）
作者简介：张建华(1984-),男,博士,讲师,主要从事叶轮机械气动声学及其优化方面的研究
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