液压驱动机构启闭噪声是影响船舶机械设备振动噪声性能的重要因素之一，通过增加缓冲结构可有效降低驱动机构开闭过程中的冲击振动。本文针对圆柱形变节流面积缓冲装置，推导了含负载条件下缓冲腔压力、活塞速度与活塞位移的函数关系，分析掌握了单边间隙、缓冲套大端直径、圆锥段长度、锥角等结构参数对缓冲性能的影响，得到了缓冲装置优化设计方案。研究表明，单边间隙对缓冲性能的影响最大，缓冲套大端直径、锥角的影响次之，圆锥段长度的影响最小；缓冲装置优化后活塞在行程终点前的速度下降达98%，可有效降低液压驱动机构的启闭噪声。
Open and close noise of the hydraulic cylinder driving mechanism is one of the most important factors that affects the vibration and noise performance of ship mechanical equipment. Adding buffering device can reduce the impact vibration effectively during opening-closing process of driving mechanism. This paper focuses on the buffering device of cylindrical variable—throttling area, then derived functional relationship that buffering cavity pressure and piston velocity changes with piston displacement in which case load was considered. After that, the impacts of different structure parameters: unilateral clearance, diameter at large end of buffering cover, cone length and cone angle on buffering performance was analyzed, optimized design scheme of buffering device was also obtained. The results show that: the unilateral clearance is the most influential factors of buffering performance, secondly are diameter at large end of buffering cover and cone length, cone angle has the least influence on buffering performance. After optimized design, the piston velocity near the stroke end point has reduced 98%, this can reduce open and close noise of hydraulic cylinder driving mechanism effectively.
2020,42(2): 132-136 收稿日期：2018-06-11
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2020.02.025
分类号：TH137
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（51579242）
作者简介：旷权(1995-),男,硕士研究生,从事船舶动力装置减振降噪研究
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