海运、河运增长迅速，船舶污水处理日益受到广泛关注。本文以海洋船舶为主要研究对象，综述了海洋船舶污水的类型、水质特征、处理技术研究和应用进展，并展望了海洋船舶污水处理的膜生物反应器研究与应用方向。海洋船舶污水主要指压舱水以外的船舶污水，主要包括船舶生活污水和含油污水。海洋船舶生活污水的水质、水量随乘员变化较大，呈现污染物浓度高、变化大等特征，其中黑水污染物浓度BOD5 991～5 840 mg/L，SS 1 180～4 980 mg/L；含油污水成分复杂，乳化程度高，舱底水中含油量可达50 000 mg/L。虽然海洋船舶污水排放标准随海域变化较大，但日益严格，这导致船舶污水处理对空间、运行维护的要求高，因此，膜生物反应器成为海洋船舶生活污水处理研究与应用的主流技术。
The rapid growth of sea, river and various other ships has made the ship's sewage treatment more and more concerned. In this study, the ship type, wastewater quality characteristics and treatment progress were summarized through literature review, as well as research and application of membrane bioreactor (MBR) for the marine ship wastewater treatment. Except ballast water, marine ship drainage mainly includes domestic sewage and other sewage containing oil or toxic substances. The quality and quantity of marine ship domestic sewage vary greatly, and pollutants concentrations are high, i.e., BOD5 991～5840 mg/L, SS 1 180～4 980 mg/L. The composition and pollutant concentration of oily sewage are complex and high, i.e., the oil content of the bilge water as high as 50 000 mg/L, and the degree of emulsification of the oily wastewater is high due to frequently shaking. Though discharge standard of marine ship wastewater depends on ocean area, its requirement is becoming increasingly stringent which results in high demand on space and operation and maintenance. Due to small footprint, excellent effluent quality, and easy operation and maintenance, membrane bioreactor has gradually become the mainstream technology for marine ship sewage treatment.
2020,42(3): 6-11 收稿日期：2018-10-10
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2020.03.002
分类号：O344.7
基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFE0118500）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（21677161）；江西省重点研发计划资助项目（20171ACG70018）
作者简介：张青青(1994-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事膜生物反应器研究。
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