在一定理想化假设的基础上，采用二维数值方法研究了层冰条件下连续破冰过程，应用层冰中压力与接触面积的关系，对时域内层冰破冰阻力问题进行求解。考虑二维数值方法忽略碎冰在船首处的运动，计算船首碎冰运动产生的浸没阻力，对理想状态下的数值模拟结果进行修正，计算破冰阻力。运用Spencer算法、Lindqvist算法和Riska算法对冰阻力进行预报并与数值结果进行对比，并对不同船速及冰厚下的破冰力进行数值模拟。结果表明，考虑浸没阻力后的数值方法模拟结果更加准确可靠，且随船速及冰厚的增加，破冰力呈上升趋势，其中冰厚对破冰力的影响更加显著。
Based on some idealized assumptions, the continuous ice-breaking process under the condition of level ice is studied by two-dimensional numerical method. In order to compute the ice resistance in the time domain, a pressure-area relationship for the ice was applied. Considering the two-dimensional numerical method, the movement of crushed ice at the bow is ignored, and the submerged resistance generated by the movement of crushed ice at the bow is calculated. The numerical simulation under ideal conditions is modified to calculate the ice-breaking resistance. Spencer, Lindqvist and Riska formulas were used to predict the ice resistance and compared with the numerical results. The results show that, the numerical simulation results considering submerged resistance are more accurate and reliable, and the ice-breaking force increases with the increase of ship speed and ice thickness, among which the ice-breaking force is more significantly affected by ice thickness.
2020,42(9): 42-48 收稿日期：2019-09-02
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2020.09.008
分类号：U615
基金项目：工业与信息化部高技术船舶科研项目(2017-614)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(3132019001)
作者简介：葛媛(1995-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为极地船舶
参考文献：
[1] SPENCER D. A standard method for the conduct and analysis of ice resistance model tests[M]. NRCC, Institute for Marine Dynamics, 1992.
[2] LINDQVIST, GUSTAV. A straight forward method for calculation of ice resistance of ships[C]. Luleaa, Sweden, Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. 1989: 722.
[3] RISKA K, WILHELMSON M, ENGLUND K, et al. Performance of merchant vessels in ice in the Baltic, winter navigation research board NO.52[R]. Helsinki: Finnish Maritime Administration, 1997.
[4] WANG S., 2001. A dynamic model for breaking pattern of level ice by conical structures[D]. Helsinki : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, 2001.
[5] NGUYEN D T, SØRBØ A H, SØRENSEN A J. Modelling and control for dynamic positioned vessels in level ice[J]. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2009, 42(18): 229–236
[6] Biao SU, Kaj RISKA, Torgeir MOAN. A numerical method for the prediction of ship performance in level ice[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2010, 60: 177–188
[7] VALANTO, P. The resistance of ships in level ice[J]. SNAME Transactions, 2001, 109: 53–83
[8] KERR A. The bearing capacity of floating ice plates subjected to static or quasi- static loads[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1976, 17(76): 229–28
[9] ZHOU Quan, PENG Heather. Numerical investigations of ship-ice interaction and maneuvering performance in level ice[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2016, 122: 36–49
[10] ZHOU Li, CHUANG Zhenju, BAI Xu. Ice forces acting on towed ship in level ice with straight drift. Part Ⅱ: Numerical simulation[J]. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2017: 1–10
[11] JEONG Seong-Yeob, CHOI Kyungsik, et al. Prediction of ship resistance in level ice based on empirical approach[J]. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2017, 9: 613–623
[12] HU Jian, ZHOU Li. Further study on level ice resistance and channel resistance for an icebreaking vessel[J]. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2019, 8: 169–176
[13] CHO Seong-Rak, LEE Sungsu. A prediction method of ice breaking resistance using a multiple regression analysis[J]. Int. J. Nav. Archit. Ocean Eng, 2015, 7: 708–719
[14] 王钰涵. 连续破冰模式下破冰船的冰力研究[J]. 海洋工程, 2013, 31(4): 68–73
WANG Yu-han. Study of ice force about icebreaker based on continuous breaking pattern[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2013, 31(4): 68–73
[15] LUBBAD R, LØSET S. A numerical model for real-time simulation of ship-ice interaction[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2011, 65: 111–12
[16] NGUYEN D T, SØRBØ A H, SØRENSEN A J. Modelling and control for dynamic positioned vessels in level Ice[C]//Proceedings of 8th Conference on Manoeuvring and Control of Marine Craft (MCMC’ 2009). 2009: 229-236.
[17] LAU, Michael, et al. Preliminary results of ship maneuvering in ice experiments using a planar motion mechanism[J]. In: Proceedings of the 17th International IAHR Symposium on Ice. 2004. p. 479-487.
