国内最大的渔业科考船在进行静音科考航行实验时，发现舱室风雨密门因舱压过低难以打开；发电机组机旁温度过高，严重影响机器使用寿命和人员操作安全；舱内流场极不均匀，尾部流速过大，首部流速过小，整体梯度过大。利用CFD技术进行舱室流场数值分析，在验证模型正确的基础上提出改进方案：顶部增设一路由风管、消音器、风机和布风器组成的进风道。通过比较不同进口风速下的通风效果得到最佳风机风量：风速7 m/s，风量13 000 m3/h时，机旁温度由50.1 ℃降为43.2 ℃，舱压由-450 Pa提高至-110 Pa。进一步通过实船改造及试验验证了优化方案的合理性。该方案施工方便、有效，对于静音舱室的工程设计具有一定的参考价值。
When The largest fishery research ship conducted a silent scientific test, it was found: the cabin weathertight door was difficult to open because the cabin pressure was too low; the temperature near the generator set was too high, which seriously affected the service life of the machine and the safety of personnel operation; The flow field was extremely uneven, the flow velocity in the tail was too large, the head was too small, and the overall gradient was too large. The CFD technology was used to analyze the flow field of the cabin, and the airflow improvement scheme was proposed based on the correctness of the verification model: an air inlet consisting of a duct, a silencer, a fan and air distributors were added at the top. The best air volume was obtained by comparing ventilation effects during different inlet flow speeds: when the wind speed was 7 m/s, the air volume was 13000 m3/h, the temperature near the engine was reduced from 50.1 ℃ to 43.2 ℃, and the cabin pressure was increased from -450 Pa to -110 Pa. The rationality of the optimization scheme was verified by real ship transformation and experiment. The scheme was convenient and effective in construction, which had certain reference value for the engineering design of the silent cabin.
2020,42(9): 87-91 收稿日期：2019-09-11
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2020.09.016
分类号：U663.82
基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51479181)
作者简介：郭昂(1987-),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为轮机系统
参考文献：
[1] 余楠. 典型船舶厨房通风系统气流组织数值模拟[J]. 船海工程, 2018, 47(6): 95–98
YU Nan. Numerical simulation of the air distribution of typical ship kitchen ventilation system[J]. Ship & Ocean Engineering, 2018, 47(6): 95–98
[2] HUANG P, WANG Y, SUN Y, et al. Review of uncertainty-based design methods of central air-conditioning systems and future research trends[J]. Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2019: 1–22
[3] 梁彦超. 某船机舱通风系统模拟分析和优化设计[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2011.
LIANG Yan-chao. Simulation analysis and optimization of ship engine room ventilation system[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2011.
[4] SREBRIC J, VUKOVIC V, HE G, et al. CFD boundary conditions for contaminant dispersion heat transfer and airflow simulations around human occupants in indoor environments[J]. Building and Environment, 2008, 43(3): 294–303
[5] 梁大龙. 风帆助航船机舱通风实时特性分析方法研究[D]. 大连: 大连海事大学, 2010.
LIANG Da-long. Study of analytical method on the real-time characteristic of the engine room ventilation in the sail-assisted ship[D]. Dalian: Dalian Maritime University Press, 2010.
[6] 郭昂, 郭卫杰, 王驰明, 等. 船舶机舱机械通风数值模拟分析和优化设计[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2014(3): 93–98
GUO Ang, GUO Wei-jie, WANG Chi-ming, et al. Numerical simulation and optimization design of ship engine room ventilation system[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2014(3): 93–98
[7] AIZED T, HAMZA A. Thermodynamic analysis of various refrigerants for automotive air conditioning system[J]. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2019, 44(2): 1697–1707
[8] 倪其军, 李胜忠, 阮文权,等. SBD技术在“探索一号”科考船线型设计中的应用[J]. 船舶力学, 2018(1): 54–60
NI Qijun, LI Shengzhong, RUAN Wenquan, et al. Application of SBD technique on ‘TAN SUO YI HAO’ scientific investigation ship hullform design[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2018(1): 54–60
[9] 李胜忠, 蒋昌师, 倪其军, 等. 基于 FFD 重构方法的船型优化设计及其模型试验验证[C]// 第二十六届全国水动 力学研讨会暨第十二届全国水动力学学术会议, 2014.
Li Shengzhong, Jiang Changshi, Ni Qijun, et al. Hull-form design optimization based on Free-form Deformation and experimental verification[C]// Proceedings of the 26th National Conference on Hydrodynamics & 13th National Congress on Hydrodynamics, 2014.
