载人耐压球壳是载人潜水器设计制造的关键技术，而观察窗强度及其密封一直是载人耐压球壳的设计难点。有机玻璃材料参数离散性较大，受温度和应力水平影响，不同的工作环境材料性能也有所区别。为解决这一问题，本文在用有限元计算分析预测大开口有机玻璃观察窗的力学行为时，通过材料参数化分析来选取符合试验环境的材料参数，并在此基础上应用Prony级数拟合建立材料的粘弹性模型，将传统上针对准静态加载过程的有限元静态分析转变为动力学分析，考虑了时间效应的影响，有效提升了有限元结果的准确性，相关计算结果及方法可为有机玻璃观察窗的有限元设计计算提供参考经验。
Manned spherical pressure hull is the key technique for design and manufacture of manned submersible. The strength and sealing of viewport window are always difficulties in the design of manned spherical pressure hull. The dispersion of the material parameter of PMMA is large, the material properties differ in different working environment due to the effect of temperature and stress level. To solve this problem, material parameters were selected in accordance with the test environment by the means of material parameterization analysis, and then on this basis, the viscoelastic model of the material was established by using Prony series fitting when the mechanical behavior of large-opening PMMA observation window is predicted by finite element analysis in this paper. The conventional finite element static analysis for quasi-static loading process was transformed into dynamic analysis and the accuracy of the finite element results was improved effectively under the consideration of the time effect. The relevant calculation results and methods can provide reference experience for the finite element design and calculation of PMMA observation window.
2020,42(10): 78-82 收稿日期：2019-11-01
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2020.10.016
分类号：U674.91
基金项目：十三五国家重点研发计划(2016YFC041605)
作者简介：余文韬(1994-)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事潜水器结构设计研究
参考文献：
[1] 范瑞鹤. 基于有机玻璃拉伸试验的本构关系拟合及有限元实例分析[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2012.
[2] 杜青海, 王嫘, 崔维成. 锥边球扇形观察窗结构的协调性分析[J]. 船舶力学, 2011, 15(1-2): 101-108
[3] 廉俊盛. 深海载人潜水器球壳及观察窗力学行为的有限元分析[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古工业大学, 2016.
[4] 施东春, 王帅, 张美荣, 等. 水下运载器球扇形观察窗结构的应力分析[J]. 四川兵工学报, 2014, 35(7): 139-142
[5] 刘道奇, 胡勇, 王芳, 等. 深海载人潜水器观察窗的蠕变特性[C]//2009年船舶结构力学学术会议暨中国船舶学术界进入ISSC30周年纪念会论文集. 中国造船工程学会, 2009: 50-59.
[6] 白杰. 超声振动辅助PMMA微压印成形工艺研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2016.
[7] LUO Wenbo, WANG Chuhong, ZHAO Rongguo. Application of Time- Temperature-Stress Superposition Principle to Nonlinear Creep of Poly(methyl methacrylate)[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2007, 340-341: 1091-1096
[8] J. D. Stachiw. Handbook of Acrylics for Submersibles, Hyperbaric Chambers and Aquaria[M]. US: Best Publishing Company, 2003.
