船舶内狭长通道及其不同顶棚高度可造成火灾过程中污染物的快速蔓延及顶棚射流现象的发生，对船舶火灾的发展及人员逃生具有重要的影响。本文针对船舶“T型”狭长通道，基于大涡模拟技术，分别对1.8 m，2.6 m，3.4 m及4.3 m顶棚高度下通道内火灾演变特性进行数值模拟研究。通过对火焰热释放率，通道内氧气浓度、烟气层分区、温度分布的分析得到：细水雾能够有效抑制T型通道内火灾的蔓延；释放细水雾后，1.8 m和2.6 m狭长通道内热释放率衰减速度较快，氧气浓度快速降到了14%；3.4 m和4.3 m狭长通道，热释放率衰减速度相对较慢，氧气浓度较高；同时火场温度得到有效降低，烟气层高度也随着通道顶棚高度增加逐渐升高。
The narrow and long passages and different ceiling heights in ships can cause the rapid spread of pollutants and the occurrence of ceiling jet phenomenon in fire process, which have an important impact on the development of ship fires and personnel escape. In this paper, based on the large eddy simulation technology, the fire evolution characteristics of "T-shaped" narrow passages with ceiling heights of 1.8 m, 2.6 m, 3.4 m and 4.3 m were numerically simulated. By analyzing heat release rate, O2 concentration, smoke stratification and temperature distribution, it is concluded that water mist can effectively suppress the spread of fire in the T-passage. After releasing water mist, the heat release rate of 1.8 m and 2.6 m narrow passages decays faster, O2 concentration drops rapidly to 14%. The heat release rate of 3.4 m and 4.3 m narrow passages decays relatively slow, O2 concentration is higher. The smoke layer height increases with the passage ceiling height. And water mist can reduce effectively the fire temperature.
2020,42(11): 66-71 收稿日期：2019-01-10
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2020.11.014
分类号：TU998;U698
作者简介：苏石川(1963-)，男，博士，教授，主要从事船舶机舱火灾及安全等研究
参考文献：
[1] 李承海. 浅析船舶火灾的危险性[C]. 2008消防科技与工程学术会议论文集. 北京: 中国石化出版社, 2008: 344-345.
LI Chenghai. Ship fire risk analysis. 2008 Proceedings of the fire science and technology conference. Beijing: China petrochemical press, 2008, 344-345.
[2] 董华, 刘忠, 张人杰, 等. 舰船火灾中烟气沿通道蔓延特种的计算机模拟[J]. 火灾科学, 1995, 4(2): 52-56
DONG Hua, LIU Zhong, ZHANG Renjie, et al. A computer simulation of smoke spread along a long-distence corridor in marine fire[J]. Fire safety science, 1995, 4(2): 52-56
[3] 梁强, 李炎锋, 李俊梅. 狭长通道内火灾烟气流动特性实验研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2016, 35(9): 1221-1224
LIANG Qiang, LI Yangfeng, LI Junmei. Experimental research on transporttation of fire-induced smoke in narrow corridor[J]. Fire science and technology, 2016, 35(9): 1221-1224
[4] 杨立中, 冯文兴, 方廷勇, 等. 腔室火灾产生的烟气在毗邻走廊中的传播迁移[J]. 热科学与技术, 2006, 5(3): 257-261
YANG Lizhong, FENG Wenxing, FANG Tingyong, et al. Transport of smoke from compartment fires in adjacent corridor[J]. Journal of thermal science and technology, 2006, 5(3): 257-261
[5] 方廷勇, 毛军, 卢平, 等. 不同吊顶材料对燃烧室内和狭长走廊中烟气危害性的影响[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2008, 8(1): 130-133
FANG Yingyong, MAO Jun, LU Ping, et al. On the influence of ceiling materials in a burning compartment or a long passage on the seriousness of smoking hazards[J]. Journal of safety and environment, 2008, 8(1): 130-133
[6] 王亮, 苏石川, 聂宇宏, 等. 船舶机舱火灾中回燃现象的数值计算与分析[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2009, 31(6): 63-66
WANG Liang, SU Shichuan, NIE Yuhong, et al. Numerical simulation and analysis of the backdraft phenomenon in ship engine room fire[J]. Ship science and technology, 2009, 31(6): 63-66
[7] BON R. A. CASTLES D. K Water mist as an alternative to halon[J]. The APPEA Journal, 1997, 37(1): 698-706
[8] MAKOTO M., HITOSHI K., OSAMU I., et al. Numerical simulation in effect of compartmentalization with water screen (WS) in a tunnel fire[J]. Production Research. 2007, 59(3): 313-317.
[9] HORST S.. Fire suppression in road tunnel fires by a water mist system-Results of the SOLIT project[R]. Germany: Fouth International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security, 2010.
[10] Jianhe ZHAO, Ye GAO, Hongmei WU. Numerical simulation and research of pool fire suppressed by water mist in the engineroom of a ship[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2010, 29-32: 651-657
[11] 李梦. 细水雾技术在隧道中应用的实验与数值模拟研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2016.
LI Meng. Experimental and numerical study on the application of water mist technology in tunnel[D]. Hefei: University of science and technology of China, 2016.
[12] 刘乃玲, 张旭, 韩星. 细水雾在狭长空间降温效果的数值模拟[J]. 建筑科学, 2007, 23(6): 32-36
LIU Nailing, ZHANG Xu, HAN Xing. Numerical simulation on the cooling effect by fine mist in long and narrow space[J]. Building science, 2007, 23(6): 32-36
[13] 陈利源, 刘燕红, 刘伯运, 等. 顶部开口舱室火灾特性的数值模拟研究[J]. 四川兵工学报, 2015, 36(4): 139-143
CHEN Liyuan, LIU Yanhong, LIU Boyun, et al. Numerical analysis of fire characteristics in ship cabin with ceiling vent[J]. Journal of Sichuan Ordnance, 2015, 36(4): 139-143
[14] 张韦, 舒歌群, 沈颖刚, 等. 利用含PAH的正庚烷简化机理对柴油机富氧燃烧的数值模拟[J]. 内燃机学报, 2012, 30(4): 296-304
ZHANG Wei, SHU Gequn, SHEN Yinggang, et al. Numerical simulation of diesel engine oxygen enriched combustion with N-heptane reduced mechanism containing PHA formation[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2012, 30(4): 296-304
