自二战以来水锤效应问题就引起了西方国家的重视，涉及面覆盖航天、兵器、船舶等多个领域。高速弹体侵彻充液结构时会产生水锤效应，其破坏机制是冲击波载荷和空腔膨胀引起的液体流作用于结构壁面，导致充液结构发生严重的损伤破坏。关于水锤效应的作用机理已开展了广泛的研究，对其引起的结构破坏特性的研究及相关的防护技术同样是国内外学者关注的热点。本文重点给出高速弹体侵彻下充液结构受到的载荷特性以及相应的变形破坏特性的研究进展，同时对现有的各种关于水锤效应衰减防护技术进行详细的阐述和讨论。最后指出高速弹体侵彻下产生的水锤效应研究仍存在的问题和未来研究方向。
Since the Second World War, problems of hydrodynamic ram have attracted the attention of western countries, covering many fields such as aerospace, weapons and ships. Hydrodynamic ram occurs when a high-speed projectile penetrates a liquid-filled structure. The damage mechanism is that a pressure wave and liquid flow caused by a cavity expansion act on structure walls, resulting in a catastrophic failure of the liquid-filled structure. Extensive researches have been conducted on the mechanism of action of hydrodynamic ram. Researches on the structural failure characteristics caused by it and protection technologies are also the focus. In this paper, reviews of study on load characteristics and corresponding deformation and failure characteristics were given. At the same time, various existing protection technologies attenuating the hydrodynamic ram were discussed in detail. Finally, some suggestions were provided for the future research directions of the hydrodynamic ram.
2021,43(1): 1-10 收稿日期：2020-07-30
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2021.01.001
分类号：O344.7
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51979277)
作者简介：高圣智(1996-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为舰船抗爆冲击
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