水声定位是实现水下定位的关键技术，也是近年来的研究热点。以声速修正和基阵布放为切入点，针对声速不确定、基阵布放设计不合理等问题综述提高水声定位精度的研究进展。针对基阵布放问题，重点对比基阵尺寸及基阵阵型阵元2种改进方案的研究现状。研究表明，为提高水声定位精度，进一步的研究应在以下3个方面展开：在声速修正方法研究中，遗传算法和粒子群优化算法相结合，可以在不提高计算量的情况下优化稀疏有效声速表，使定位精度得到进一步提高；基于组合基阵定位系统辅助的声速修正算法能够使定位误差更小；综合考虑阵元数目与所需定位精度的折中方案，能够本着降低布放成本的原则，通过优化不同阵元间距来提高超短基线的定位精度。
Underwater acoustic positioning is the key technology to achieve accurate underwater positioning, and it is also a research hotspot in recent years.With the sound velocity correction and the base array deployment as the entry point, the research progress of improving the underwater acoustic positioning accuracy is reviewed for the problems of uncertain sound velocity and unreasonable design of the array.Aiming at the problem of array placement, the research status of two improved schemes of array size and array array element is compared. Research shows that in order to improve the accuracy of underwater acoustic positioning, further research should be carried out in the following three aspects: In the study of sound velocity correction method, the combination of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm can optimize sparse effective without increasing the calculation amount. The sound velocity meter further improves the positioning accuracy; the sound velocity correction algorithm based on the combined array positioning system can make the positioning error smaller; the compromise scheme that considers the number of array elements and the required positioning accuracy can reduce the deployment cost. The principle of improving the positioning accuracy of ultra-short baselines by optimizing the spacing of different elements.
2021,43(1): 11-16 收稿日期：2019-11-11
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2021.01.002
分类号：O427
基金项目：山东省重点研发计划(公益类专项)资助项目(2018GHY115022)；国家自然科学基金资助项目(61471224)
作者简介：吕文红(1968-),女,博士,教授,研究方向为智能交通系统和先进传感器技术
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