针对潜艇近水面航行艇体水动力呈现显著变化的问题，本文在验证数值计算方法可行性的基础上，开展不同潜深及航速下潜艇粘性流场的数值模拟，获取艇体阻力、垂向力及纵倾力矩随水深及航速的变化规律。模拟结果表明：潜深是影响潜艇近水面与深水状态水动力性能差异的决定性因素，当潜深与艇体直径的比值H/D≤1.3时，近水面效应显著；而当H/D≥2.9时，可认为潜艇水动力性能与深水状态无显著差异；近自由液面条件下（H/D≤1.3），潜艇所受阻力及垂向力系数随航速的增大均呈现明显波动现象，这主要是由于自由面的兴波干扰使得艇体表面压力变化所引起。
Aiming at the problem that the hydrodynamic force of submarine's near-surface sailing hull presents significant changes, numerical simulation of a submarine in various diving depths and advancing velocities were carried out based on verified method. Hydrodynamic performance, including resistance, vertical force and trimming moment, was obtained to analysis the near-surface effect. Calculation results indicate that: Diving depth is the conclusive factor for near-surface submarine comparied with deep-water condition. When the ratio between diving depth and submarine’s diameter was less than 1.3 (H/D≤1.3), the free surface effect was remarkable and with H/D≥2.9, there was little difference between near-surface and infinite deep water condition for submarine’s hydrodynamic performance. For near-surface conditions (H/D≤1.3), the resistance and vertical force coefficients fluctuated with advancing velocities obviously. This phenomenon was mainly caused by the variation of submarine’s pressure distribution, which was aroused by free-surface wave.
2021,43(1): 83-88 收稿日期：2019-07-08
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2021.01.015
分类号：U661.32
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51509256)；国家部委基金资助项目(9140A14030712JB11044)
作者简介：王陆(1995-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为船舶水动力学
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