本文针对大直径耐压舱段结构提出6种法兰、螺栓连接设计方案，基于APDL建立了参数化的周向局部模型，法兰形式和尺寸、螺孔位置和数量可调，局部模型的结构强度分析效果与整体模型一致，且网格更为精细，使接触分析的计算量大大减少。计算表明，外法兰接触面会产生张开变形，导致螺柱受拉，其拉应力峰值明显大于内法兰但可控，同时采用内、外法兰能明显减小螺柱的拉应力，且法兰螺孔应力峰值均有下降；交错布置可间接提高螺栓的周向分布密度，提高连接部位的总纵弯曲强度。
Six structural design plans for large pressure hulls with coupling flanges, bolts and nuts were invented in the thesis. To make the modification of geometrical parameters, e.g. the type of flange, the position and number of bolts, etc, possible and convenient in finite element analysis, APDL codes were written to build the FE models parametrically and automatically for precise simulation of different kinds of plans. Besides, all FE models are actually a minimum sector of the whole structure circumferentially, enabling the mesh, which were separately generated with both shell and solid elements, dense enough to simulate the contacting behaviors between coupling flanges and nuts, meanwhile achieving much better solution efficiency. Based on the FE analysis, the contacted surface of external flanges tend to open slightly, inducing a relatively high tensile stress in the bolts, which is much higher than bolts coupled with internal flanges. External flanges and internal flanges could be put together to reduce the stress of bolts and flanges' holes. It is also found that staggered bolts could increase their circumferential distribution density, resulting in better longitudinal bending strength.
2021,43(9): 30-36 收稿日期：2020-09-14
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2021.09.006
分类号：U674.76
作者简介：邱昌贤(1981-)，男，高级工程师，从事水下工程结构理论与试验研究
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