复杂的水文和海洋环境决定了水下是难以掌控的作战空间，也是世界军事强国竞相争夺的重要战略领域。随着新型水下作战概念的深化和水下无人技术的发展，水下无人装备在军、民、科研等方面迅速发展。为继续保持水下优势，美海军积极推进水下无人航行器军用化、体系化发展，加速全球水下监听、监视系统构建、加强战略前沿水下预置装备部署。本文综述国外在UUV、水下预置装备、水下监听网络等水下无人装备方面的发展规划，分析国外研究进展并总结发展趋势，为我国开展水下无人装备研究提供借鉴。
Complex hydrology and marine environment determine that underwater is the most difficult operational space to control, and it is also an important strategic area which the world's military powers to compete for. With the deepening of the concept of new underwater warfare and the development of underwater unmanned technology, underwater unmanned equipment has developed rapidly in military, civilian and scientific research. To maintain underwater superiority, the US Navy has actively promoted the military and systematic development of underwater unmanned vehicles, accelerated the construction of global underwater monitoring and surveillance systems, and strengthened the deployment of strategic frontier preset undersea weapon. This paper summarizes the development plans of UUV, preset undersea weapon, underwater monitoring network and other underwater unmanned equipment abroad, analyses the research progress of underwater unmanned equipment abroad, summarizes the development trend of underwater unmanned equipment, and provides reference experience for the underwater unmanned equipment research in China.
2021,43(12): 1-8 收稿日期：2021-02-03
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2021.12.001
分类号：E925.2;TJ6
基金项目：江苏省科技基础设施建设计划-院士工作站项目（BM2019126）
作者简介：冯景祥(1990-),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为水下无人系统研究、水下攻防作战技术等
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