为研究波浪环境下潜艇近水面的操纵特性特别是垂直面的深度控制问题，基于海勒莫公式和势流理论分别计算近水面一阶波浪力和二阶波浪力，以模型潜艇为研究对象，将波浪力计算模型融入潜艇垂直面非线性操纵运动方程，进而对波浪环境下潜艇近水面操纵运动特性进行仿真研究，分析潜艇在不同有义波高、航速和初始潜深条件下的垂直面潜浮运动响应规律和升降舵控制下的深度保持操纵方法。结果表明，在二阶波吸力和一阶波频波浪力的作用下，潜艇近水面航行时深度不易保持，很容易产生上浮惯性，且有义波高越大、潜深越浅、航速越低，潜艇越易上浮。为保持潜艇定深航行，需要同时操纵首尾升降舵角控制潜艇，必要的情况下还需要通过向浮力调整水舱的注水克服近水面波浪力的影响。研究结论对提高潜艇指挥员近水面航行特别是潜望深度和发射弹道导弹时的深度与姿态控制操纵训练水平提供了有益的参考。
In order to study the maneuvering characteristics of the submarine near the water surface, especially the depth control of the vertical plane in the wave environment, the first-order wave force and the second-order wave force near the water surface are calculated based on the Hirom formula and potential current theory, taking the model submarine as the research object, integrating the wave force calculation model into the nonlinear maneuvering motion equation of the vertical plane of the submarine, and then simulating the maneuvering motion characteristics of the submarine near the water surface in the wave environment, and analyzing the submarine at different significant wave height, speed and the motion response rule in the vertical plane under the initial depth condition and the depth-maintained control method under rudder control. The results show that under the action of the second-order wave suction and the first-order wave frequency wave force, the depth of the submarine is difficult to maintain when sailing near the water surface, and it is easy to produce floating inertia, and the higher the significant wave is and the lower the speed is, the easier it is to float. In order to keep the submarine sailing at a fixed depth, it is necessary to control the submarine at the same time by controlling the bow and the stern rudder. When necessary it is also feasible to overcome the influence of wave forces near the surface by adjusting the buoyancy to the water tank. The conclusion of the study provides a useful reference for improving the training level of the submarine commander near water surface, especially at the depth of periscope and at the time to launch ballistic missiles.
2022,44(2): 6-11 收稿日期：2020-12-01
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2022.02.002
分类号：TG156
作者简介：胡坤(1979-)，男，博士，副教授，研究方向为潜艇操纵性与武器系统仿真与实验技术
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