提出一种船用多效竖管升膜蒸发海水淡化系统；构建热力过程数学模型，考虑海水沸点升高和蒸汽阻力压降等引起的传热温差损失；采用对比研究的方式，计算分析相同淡水产量下，有无热力蒸汽压缩时，首效加热蒸汽温度、末效蒸发温度、浓缩比对系统造水比、比传热面积、比冷凝水量等热力性能的影响。结果表明：竖管升膜蒸发海水淡化系统具有大温差传热的特征，设计、运行应控制最小有效传热温差，首效加热蒸汽温度可提升至80℃左右；首效加热蒸汽温度和末效蒸发温度对比传热面积影响较大；浓缩比有设计最优值；热力蒸汽压缩对系统性能有明显提升。
A multi effect shipboard vertical rising film evaporation desalination system is proposed. The mathematical model is established for thermal characteristics analysis, in which various thermodynamic losses caused by boiling point elevation and vapor pressure drop are considered. Based on the uniform flux of water product, the influence of the thermal vapor compression, the heating steam temperature, the evaporation temperature in the last effect and concentration ratio on the thermal performance including gained output ratio, specific heat transfer area, specific cooling seawater, et. al is analyzed by the way of comparative study. The results show that, in the vertical rising film evaporation desalination system with characteristics of large temperature difference, the minimum effective heat transfer temperature difference should be controlled in design and operation, the first effect heating steam temperature can be raised to about 80 ℃, the specific heat transfer area is greatly affected by the heating steam temperature and the evaporation temperature in the last effect, the concentration ratio has the optimal design value, and the thermal performance of the system is greatly improved by the thermal steam compressor.
2022,44(2): 78-85 收稿日期：2020-11-25
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2022.02.015
分类号：P747
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（51936002）；国家科技支撑计划项目(2014B09B00)；大连市科技创新基金项目（2020JJ26SN063）
作者简介：杨勇(1981-)，男，博士，副教授，研究方向为多效蒸发海水淡化
*通讯作者：沈胜强，男，博士，教授，E-mail:zzbshen@dlut.edu.cn
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