在焊接过程中会产生材料硬化，如果在计算时不考虑该现象，有可能会使焊接残余应力的结果与实际结果不相符合。本文基于热弹塑性数值模拟方法分别对材料为SUS304不锈钢、屈服强度为918 MPa的高强度钢、Q345钢这3种钢材和Ti80对接焊平板模型的残余应力进行分析计算，重点研究材料硬化模型对焊接残余应力的影响，即采用等向硬化模型、随动硬化模型和不考虑硬化模型的理想弹塑性模型对对接焊平板模型进行残余应力模拟，其中SUS304不锈钢、屈服强度为918 MPa的高强度钢和Ti80对接焊平板的数值模拟结果与文献中的试验结果进行对比研究。在两者结果相一致的基础上，分析了硬化模型对Q345钢对接焊平板模型残余应力的影响。研究结果表明：采用等向硬化模型计算得到的对接焊平板残余应力计算结果最大，更加符合实际结果，且对纵向残余应力的影响大于横向残余应力；相比钢材来说，硬化模型对Ti80对接焊平板模型残余应力的影响较小。
The material hardening would be occured in the process of welding. If this phenomenon is not taken into account in the calculation, the results of welding residual stress might be inconsistent with the actual results. The residual stress of butt welded plate models made of SUS304 stainless steel, high-strength steel with the yield strength of 918MPa, Q345 steel and Ti80 was analyzed and calculated with the thermal elastic-plastic theory.The effect of material hardening model on welding residual stress was emphatically studied, that is, the residual stress of the flat butt welded model were simulated with the isotropic hardening model, the kinematic hardening model and the perfect plasticity model.And the results of numerical simulation of SUS304 stainless steel, high strength steel with yield strength of 918MPa and Ti80 flat butt welded models were compared with the experimental results in references. On this basis, the residual stress of Q345 flat butt welded plate model with the influence of hardening model was analyzed. The results show that the calculation results of the residual stress of butt welding plate obtained by the isotropic hardening model are the largest and more consistent with the actual results. The effect of hardening criterion on longitudinal residual stress is greater than that on transverse residual stress. Compared with these steels, the hardening criterion has less influence on the residual stress of Ti80 flat butt welded model.
2022,44(9): 12-17 收稿日期：2021-01-05
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2022.09.003
分类号：U671.8
基金项目：国家重点研究发展计划项目（2017YFC0305501）
作者简介：薄纯瑞(1994-)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事船舶与海洋结构物制造力学研究
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