为提高岛礁海区声呐目标探测能力，对实际海洋环境中目标辐射噪声在岛礁海区的声传播现象进行研究。考虑岛礁区域斜坡地形对声呐作用距离的影响，采用抛物方程 RAM方法，针对不同季节的声速剖面，以声呐优质因子为门限，仿真计算了岛礁斜坡背景下声呐在对不同深度目标探测时的有效作用距离。结果表明：声呐作用距离与水文条件密切相关，不同声呐在不同海洋地形环境中对不同位置目标的探测性能相差悬殊；由于冬季海洋环境的特殊性，表面声道的存在使得声呐在探测海面附近目标时，作用距离提高2～6倍；在斜坡顶部的目标，只能在距离相对较短的岛礁浅海区域进行探测，斜坡外缘目标深度越大，声呐探测效果越好；工作于表面波导内的声呐在300～1 800 Hz频带内，平均作用距离较小。
In order to improve the sonar target detection ability in the islands and reefs area, the sound propagation phenomenon of ship radiated noise in the islands and reefs area in the actual marine environment is studied. Considering the influence of the slope topography on the sonar range, the parabolic equation ram method is used to simulate the effective range of sonar in detecting targets at different depths under the background of the slope of the island and reef, taking the sonar quality factor as the threshold, according to the sound velocity profile in different seasons. The results show that: the range of sonar is closely related to the hydrological conditions, and the detection performance of different sonars in different marine terrain environment is very different; due to the particularity of the marine environment in winter, the range of sonar in detecting targets near the sea surface is increased by 2～6 times. The target on the top of the slope can only be detected on the island with relatively short distance When detecting in reef and shallow water area, the deeper the target on the outer edge of the slope is, the better the sonar detection effect is. The average operating range of sonar is small in the frequency band of 300～1 800 Hz.
2022,44(13): 132-138 收稿日期：2021-09-14
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2022.13.029
分类号：TJ67
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（42006064，41876053）；水声技术重点实验室稳定支持项目（JCKYS2020604SSJS003）
作者简介：原齐泽(1997-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为水声物理、海洋科学领域
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