喷水推进器以其优良的机动性、抗空化能力和低噪声等优点，在中、高速船艇上有着广泛应用。从弯道出流均匀度、流动分离情况、压力分布情况以及功率转化率等4个方面，对比无轴和有轴2种喷水推进器的进水流道水动力学性能。通过建立整个流场的三维模型，并借助CFD软件进行水动力学对比分析。结果显示，在外形尺寸和运行工况相同条件下，无轴喷水推进器的叶轮转矩较有轴喷水推进器小6.9%，而喷嘴出口流量前者比后者高出15.93%，表明无轴喷水推进器流动损失更小、效率更高。进一步改变无轴喷水推进器不同纵倾角进行对比，发现随着纵倾角的增加，喷口流量水平分量先增加后减小，在纵倾角为20°时达到峰值。
With its excellent maneuverability, anti-cavitation ability and low noise, water jets are widely used in various mid-high-speed ships. Compare the flow channel inlets of the shaftless and shafted waterjets from four aspects: uniformity of out-flow of the curve, flow separation, pressure distribution, and power conversion rate. By establishing three-dimensional model of the entire flow field and comparing hydrodynamics with the help of CFD software, the results show that Under the same dimensions and operating conditions, the impeller torque of shaftless waterjet is 6.9% less than that of shaft waterjet, but the former nozzle outlet flow is 15.93% higher than the latter, indicating that shaftless waterjet thruster has less flow loss and higher efficiency. By further changing different pitch angles of the shaftless waterjets for comparison, it was found that as the pitch angle increased, the horizontal component of the nozzle flow increased first and then decreased, reaching a peak when the pitch angle was 20 degrees.
2022,44(18): 20-25 收稿日期：2021-09-02
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2022.18.005
分类号：U662.2
基金项目：青岛黄海学院科技计划项目（2018kj14）；青岛黄海学院博士科研启动基金项目（2020boshi03）；舰船前沿推进技术创新团队项目
作者简介：杜友威(1984-),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向为高性能船舶阻力和推进、海洋工程装备智能制造技术与工艺。
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