为了提高焊接接头性能，优化焊接工艺参数，本文在热弹塑性力学理论基础上，建立5052铝合金平板对接的焊接残余应力三维数值计算模型，开展MIG焊接对残余应力分布影响特征分析。结果显示，焊接接头处较大的纵向铝合金焊接残余应力，是由于冷却过程中焊缝纵向收缩导致的。纵向残余应力在靠近焊缝中心线位置以拉应力为主，在焊缝中心熔合线及热影响区域的两侧对称分布，随着距离焊缝线逐渐增大，以纵向残余压应力为主。在焊缝中心线处等效Mises应力达到最大值，且向两侧逐渐递减，热影响区以外区域残余应力数值极小，可以忽略。最后为了验证模拟结果的准确性，使用超声无损检测对焊接接头残余应力的大小及方向进行验证，结果与数值模拟结果基本一致且相同区域内焊接残余应力分布情况相同。
In order to improve the welding joint performance, optimization of welding process parameters, based on thermal elastic-plastic mechanics theory, this paper established the 5052 aluminum alloy plate butt welding residual stress of the three dimensional numerical model, and carry out analysis of characteristics of MIG welding on the residual stress distribution influence. Results show that the welding joint have larger longitudinal aluminum alloy welding residual stress, which is due to the cooling process, the weld longitudinal contraction. Longitudinal residual stress near the weld centerline with tensile stress is given priority to, in the center of the weld fusion line and heat affected zone of bilateral symmetry distribution, gradually increase with distance weld line, give priority to with longitudinal residual compressive stress. In equivalent attain to the maximum Mises stress of the weld centerline, and gradually decreasing in both sides, heat affected zone outside minimal residual stress value, can be ignored. Finally in order to verify the accuracy of the simulation results, the use of ultrasonic nondestructive testing for residual stress of welded joint of the size and direction for validation, verified by test results and the numerical simulation results are basically identical and distribution of welding residual stress in the same area.
2022,44(19): 63-68 收稿日期：2022-04-07
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2022.19.013
分类号：U663
基金项目：广东省重点领域研发计划资助项目（2020B1111500001-04）；江苏省绿色船舶开放基金资助项目（2019Z02）
作者简介：秦闯(1993-)，男，硕士，助理实验师，研究方向为船舶结构
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