航天器水上回收、两栖飞机水上降落、高海况下船舶航行等过程中均涉及结构的入水过程，入水过程的砰击现象一直是上述工程项目研制过程中的重点和热点基础研究之一。对求解结构入水砰击的3种技术途径（数值、仿真、试验）进行综合研究，介绍了3种方法的基本原理及工程实现方法并证明了其适用性，分别对楔形体结构自由入水砰击问题进行求解并进行对比分析，给出了楔形体上物面压力分布特点、典型测点处的砰击压力时历特征、入水过程中结构加速度特性及液面变化，可为入水结构设计、载荷条件制定、入水参数选取提供参考。
The water entry process of structure is involved in the process of spacecraft water recovery, amphibious aircraft water landing and ship navigation in high sea conditions. The slamming phenomenon in water entry process has always been one of key and hot basic studies in the development process of the above engineering projects. In this paper, three typical methods (numerical method, simulation method and test method) for solving the water entry slamming problem of structures are studied. The basic principles and engineering implementation methods of the three methods are introduced and their applicability is proved. Free-drop water entry slamming problem of wedge structures is solved and compared. The distribution characteristics of surface pressure on wedges, the time history characteristics of slamming pressure at typical measuring points, the structural acceleration characteristics and free surface changes during water entry are given. It has certain reference significance for the design of water entry structures, the formulation of load conditions and the selection of water entry parameters.
2022,44(20): 7-14 收稿日期：2022-01-23
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2022.20.002
分类号：U661.1
作者简介：董传瑞(1994-)，男，硕士，工程师，研究方向为结构强度与环境载荷
参考文献：
[1] 孙玉松, 周穗华, 张晓兵. 非周期性入水冲击问题研究进展[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2020, 42(1): 6–10
SUN Yu-song, ZHOU Sui-hua, ZHANG Xiao-bing. Research progress on the nonperiodic water-entry impact problem[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2020, 42(1): 6–10
[2] VON KARMAN T. The impact on seaplane floats during landing [R]. NACA Technical note no. 321, 1929.
[3] WARNER H. Uber stoss-und gleitvorgange und deroberflache von flussigkeiten [J]. ZAMM. 1932, 12(4): 193−215.
[4] WATANABE I. Analytical expression of hydrodynamic impact pressure by matched asymptotic expansion technique[J]. The Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers, 1986: 77–85
[5] HOWISON S D. Incompressible water-entry problems at small deadriseangles[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1991, 222(222): 215–230
[6] Dobrovol'Skaya ZN. On some problems of similarity flow of fluid with a free surface[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1969, 36(4), 805−829.
[7] ZHAO R, FALTINSEN O M, AARSNES J V. Water entry of arbitray two-dimensional sections with and without flow separation[C]// Proc. 21st Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, 1996: 408−423.
[8] 卢炽华, 何友声. 二维弹性结构入水冲击过程中的流固耦合效应[J]. 力学学报, 2000, 32(2): 129–140
LU Chi-hua, HE You-sheng. Coupled analysis of nonlinear interaction between fluid and structure during impact[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2000, 32(2): 129–140
[9] WU G X, SUN H, HE Y S. Numerical simulation and experimental study of water entry of a wedge in free fall motion[J]. Journal of Fluids & Structures, 2004, 19(3): 277–289
[10] XU G D, DUAN W Y, WU G X. Numerical simulation of oblique water entry of an asymmetrical wedge[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2008, 35(16): 1597–1603
[11] XU G D, DUAN W Y, WU G X. Simulation of water entry of a wedge through free fall in three degrees of freedom[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical & Engineering Sciences, 2010, 466(466): 2219–2239
[12] SUN S L, WU G X. Oblique water entry of a cone by a fully three-dimensional nonlinear method[J]. Journal of Fluids & Structures, 2013, 42(4): 313–332
[13] 陈震, 肖熙. 空气垫在平底结构入水砰击中作用的仿真分析[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2005, 39(5): 670–673
CHEN Zhen, XIAO Xi. Simulation analysis on the role of air cushion in the slamming of a flat-bottom structure[J]. Journal of shanghai jiaotong university, 2005, 39(5): 670–673
[14] 朱显玲, 陈艳霞, 梁双令. I型夹芯夹层板入水砰击数值仿真及结构参数化研究[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2020, 42(11): 40–44
ZHU Xian-ling, CHEN Yan-xia, LIANG Shuang-ling. Numerical simulation and structural parameter study on water entry slamming of I-core sandwich plate[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2020, 42(11): 40–44
[15] 陈光茂, 郑小波, 毋晓妮, 等 二维楔形体入水问题的数值和实验研究[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2021, 43(1): 53−60.
CHEN Guang-mao, ZHENG Xiao-bo, WU Xiao-ni, et al. Numerical and experimental study of water entry problem of two-dimensional wedge[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2021, 43(1): 53−60.
[16] 云忠, 温猛, 罗自荣, 等. 仿翠鸟水空跨介质航行器设计与入水分析[J]. 浙江大学学报, 2020, 54(2): 407–415
YUN Zhong, WEN Meng, LUO Zi-rong, et al. Design and plunge-diving analysis of underwater-aerial transmedia vehicle of bionic kingfisher[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University, 2020, 54(2): 407–415
[17] WANG S, SUARES C G. Analysis of water impact of symmetric wedges with a multi-material Eurlerian formulation[J]. Int. J. Maritime Eng. , 2012, 154: 191−206, .
[18] WANG S, SOARES C G. A symmetrical water impact of two-dimensional wedges with roll angle with multi-material eulerian formulation[J]. International Journal of Maritime Engineering, 2014 156(A2): 115−130.
[19] WANG S, SOARES C G. Numerical study on the water impact of 3D bodies by an explicit finite element method[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2014, 78(3): 73–88
[20] 曹正林. 高速三体船砰击强度研究[D]. 武汉：武汉理工大学, 2008.
[21] 段芳. 三体船砰击响应特性研究[D]. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学, 2011.
[22] 孙辉, 卢炽华, 何友声. 二维楔形体冲击入水时的流固耦合响应的试验研究[J]. 水动力学研究与进展, 2003, 18(1): 104–109
SUN Hui, LU Zhi-hua, HE You-sheng. Experimental research on the fluid-structure interaction in water entry of 2D elastic wedge[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2003, 18(1): 104–109
[23] ZHAO R, FALTINSEN O. Water entry of two-dimensional bodies[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1992, 246(–1): 593–612
[24] 莫立新, 王辉, 蒋彩霞, 等. 变刚度楔形体板架落体砰击试验研究[J]. 船舶力学, 2011, 15(4): 394–401
MO Li-xin, WANG Hui, JIANG Cai-xia, et al. Study on dropping test of wedge grillages with various types of stiffeness[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2011, 15(4): 394–401
[25] 张哲, 李振旺, 吴文婷, 等. 基于PVDF压电薄膜的入水冲击压力测试技术[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2021, 43(5): 20-23.
ZHANG Zhe, LI Zhen-wang, WU Wen-ting, et al. Research on the test technology of water impact pressure based on PVDF. Ship Science and Technology[J]. 2021, 43(5): 20−23.
[26] 尚晓江, 苏建宇. ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例[M]. 北京：中国水利水电出版社, 2006.
[27] LS-DYNA Keyword user's manual[M]. Livermore Software Technology Corporation, 2007.
