传统的水下自主潜航器(AUV)一般采用舵装置控制航向，舵的存在会造成一定的尾流干扰，影响推进器的效能，增大推进器的振动与噪声。为解决该问题，提出2种全新的矢量推进器方案，并采用计算流体力学方法(CFD)对2种矢量推进器在不同偏转角下的水动力学性能进行了对比研究。研究结果表明：随着偏转角的增大，2种推进器的正向推力系数逐渐降低，而侧向推力系数逐渐增大。方案2的扭矩系数与推力系数的变化趋势相同，但方案1的扭矩系数的变化趋势正好相反。方案1的尾流场扰动相比方案2更为剧烈，其桨叶也将承受更高的压力梯度和水动力不平衡载荷的影响。在直航模式和低偏转模式下，方案1比方案2具有更高的侧向推力和更低的扭矩，在高偏转模式下，方案2比方案1具有更高的侧向推力及更低的扭矩。研究成果为矢量推进器的优化设计及工程应用提供了一定的参考依据。
Conventional autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) use rudder devices to control the direction. However, the existence of rudder will cause certain wake interference, affect the efficiency of the thruster, and increase the vibration and noise of the thruster. In order to solve this problem, two new schemes of vector thrusters are proposed, and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to compare the hydrodynamic performance of the two vector thrusters under different deflection angles. The results show that: the forward thrust coefficient of the two thrusters decrease gradually, while the side thrust coefficient increases gradually with increasing deflection angle. The change trend on torque coefficient of scheme 2 is agreed with thrust coefficient, but the change trend on torque coefficient of scheme 1 is just the opposite. Besides, the wake field disturbance of scheme 1 are more severe than that of scheme 2, and the blades will also bear higher pressure gradient and hydrodynamic imbalance load. In direct mode and low deflection mode, scheme 1 has higher side thrust and lower torque than scheme 2. In high deflection mode, scheme 2 has higher side thrust and lower torque than scheme 1. The research results provide a reference for the optimization design and engineering application of vector thruster.
2023,45(1): 151-156 收稿日期：2022-06-18
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2023.01.027
分类号：U664.33
基金项目：云南省基础研究专项（202201AU070028）；云南省教育厅科学研究基础项目；昆明学院人才引进项目（YJL20023）
作者简介：宋科(1989-),男,博士,讲师,主要从事新能源流体机械方面的研究
