气体在水下排放时会产生较大的辐射噪声，影响水下设备的工作性能。在排气管路末端安装排气装置，将排放气体以小直径气泡的形式排入水中，针对水下排气噪声特点，为排气装置设计微穿孔板结构排气消音器。通过排气装置等距离线上噪声的分布特点，判断出排气装置的噪声源及其传播途径，为排气装置设计隔声层，并通过试验验证了降噪效果。试验结果表明：采用填充多孔型陶瓷棉的微穿孔板结构消音器，结合排气气泡反射作用，可以有效阻止排气噪声通过排气通道向水中辐射；采用气泡型泡沫板填充的气泡型隔声板，能有效隔离排气装置的辐射噪声。
When the gas is discharged underwater, it will produce large radiation noise and affect the working performance of the underwater device. An exhaust device is installed at the end of the exhaust pipeline to discharge the exhaust gas into the water in the form of small-diameter bubbles, according to the characteristics of underwater exhaust noise, an exhaust muffler with microperforated plate structure is designed for the exhaust device. Through the distribution characteristics of noise on the equidistant line of exhaust device, the noise source and transmission path of exhaust device are judged, the sound insulation layer is designed for exhaust device, and the noise reduction effect is verified by experiments. The test results show that the microperforated plate structure muffler filled with porous ceramic cotton, combined with the reflection of exhaust bubbles, can effectively prevent the exhaust noise from radiating into the water through the exhaust channel；The composite sound insulation board filled with bubble type foam board can effectively isolate the radiaton noise of the exhaust device.
2023,45(9): 9-12 收稿日期：2022-03-23
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2023.09.002
分类号：0359
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（91634110）
作者简介：张德满(1983-),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事船舶动力系统研究
