水下爆炸试验过程中，实测冲击波压力信号很容易产生畸变，对试验结果评估造成困难。通过梳理过往实测试验数据发现，不同介质声学阻抗差异是影响近边界条件下冲击波传播的关键因素。在水面附近由于空气的声学阻抗小于水介质，冲击波曲线会突然下降，产生明显的水面截断效应；钢结构表面受压力波叠加影响，压力曲线会不同程度的提高；水底附近由于底质的复杂性，其声学阻抗差异较大，实测压力场会受入射波、反射波、前驱波、波后扰动等因素的影响，波形曲线呈现更加复杂的特性。
In the process of underwater explosion test, the shock wave pressure signal is easy to distort, which makes it difficult to evaluate the test results. By combing the past experimental data, the difference in acoustic impedance of different media is the key factor affecting the shock wave propagation under near-boundary conditions. In the vicinity of the water surface, because the acoustic impedance of the air is less than that of the water medium, the shock wave curve will drop suddenly, resulting in an obvious water surface truncation effect. The surface of the steel structure is affected by the superposition of pressure waves, and the pressure curve will be greatly improved. Due to the complexity of the substrate near the bottom of the water, the acoustic impedance varies greatly, and the measured pressure field will be affected by factors such as incident wave, reflected wave, precursor wave, and post-wave disturbance, the waveform curve presents more complex characteristics.
2024,46(4): 6-9 收稿日期：2023-02-28
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2024.04.002
分类号：U674.7
作者简介：沈晓乐(1985-),男,工程师,研究方向为水下爆炸冲击毁伤
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