船舶制造是国家工业实力的重要体现，船舶零件加工需要电机精确定位，但传统PID算法存在超调以及稳定时间过长的问题，因而难以满足现代造船业的需要。本文将PID算法和模糊控制进行有效结合，分析改进PID算法的基本原理，并对改进的PID算法进行建模和仿真。在此基础上提出船舶五轴零件数控加工系统的设计目标，并设计硬件的整体结构框架。测试结果表明，五轴数控系统的加工平面度、轮廓度以及加工精度均能够满足设计要求，系统具有较好的可靠性和稳定性。
Shipbuilding is an important embodiment of national industrial strength. Ship parts processing requires precise positioning of the motor. However, the traditional PID algorithm has the problems of overshoot and long stability time, so it is difficult to meet the needs of modern shipbuilding industry. In this paper, the PID algorithm and fuzzy control are effectively combined, the basic principle of the improved PID algorithm is analyzed, and the improved PID algorithm is modeled and simulated. On this basis, the design goal of the numerical control machining system for ship five-axis parts is put forward, and the overall structure framework of the hardware is designed. The test results show that the machining flatness, contour and machining accuracy of the five-axis numerical control system can meet the design requirements, and the system has good reliability and stability.
2024,46(4): 170-173 收稿日期：2023-11-10
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2024.04.032
分类号：TP242
作者简介：张淑玲(1977-),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向为机械制造及自动化
参考文献：
[1] 许云兰. 基于改进PID控制的数控机床油温控制系统研究[J]. 国外电子测量技术, 2019, 38(8): 23-27.
XU Yun-lan. Research on oil temperature control system of CNC machine tool based on improved PID control[J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2019, 38(8): 23-27.
[2] 谭志银. 基于改进PID控制的机床滑台运动位移跟踪误差研究[J]. 佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 39(6): 94-97.
TAN Zhi-yin. Research on motion displacement tracking error of machine tool slide table based on improved PID control[J]. Journal of Jiamusi University(Natural Science Edition), 2021, 39(6): 94-97.
[3] 陈胤寅, 张华彦, 钱泽禹, 等. 基于改进PID的机电一体化设备智能控制研究[J]. 机械设计与制造工程, 2023, 52(9): 50-54.
CHEN Yin-yin, ZHANG Hua-yan, QIAN Ze-yu, et al. Research on intelligent control of mechatronics equipment based on improved PID[J]. Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering, 2023, 52(9): 50-54.
[4] 高鑫, 冯斌, 赵中刚, 等. 柔性线加工模式下航空结构件数控加工工艺设计技术研究[J]. 航空制造技术, 2022, 65(7): 96-103.
GAO Xin, FENG Bin, ZHAO Zhong-gang, et al. Research on CNC machining process design technology of aeronautical structural parts under flexible line machining mode[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2022, 65(7): 96-103.
[5] 蒋亚坤. 数控机床进给系统融合建模及轮廓误差补偿方法研究[D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2021.
[6] 高慧勤. 基于PSO-BP网络的数控系统插补控制研究[J]. 长春工程学院学报(自然科学版), 2021, 22(3): 48-51.
GAO Hui-qin. Research on interpolation control of numerical control system based on PSO-BP network[J]. Journal of Changchun Institute of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2021, 22(3): 48-51.
[7] 王江涵. 薄壁难加工环形机匣壁厚的车床在机测量和加工补偿方法研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2021.
