针对船舶尾轴在实际运行过程中存在挠曲变形过大导致尾轴承润滑不良的问题，提出在轴承内孔设计单斜度的倾斜尾轴承结构。利用计算流体力学（CFD）方法，分别建立轴颈倾斜时水平尾轴承和倾斜尾轴承的有限元模型，在相同轴颈倾斜角和偏心率以及不同转速条件下，计算2种结构尾轴承的静特性参数，对比分析同一转速下，不同结构对润滑静特性的影响，以及相同结构时，静特性参数随转速变化的规律。计算结果表明，相同工况下，倾斜尾轴承的最大油膜压力、承载力、摩擦力、摩擦系数和端泄流量均比水平尾轴承更小。随着转速增加，2种尾轴承的最大油膜压力、承载力、摩擦力和端泄流量均不同程度增加，摩擦系数总体呈减小趋势。相关工作可为船舶尾轴承结构的优化设计提供理论参考，便于工程应用。
Aiming at the problem of poor lubrication of the stern bearing due to excessive deflection and deformation in the actual operation of the ship's tail shaft, the tilting stern bearing structure with a single tilt in the bearing bore was proposed. The finite element models of horizontal stern bearing and tilting stern bearing were established respectively by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The static characteristics parameters of the stern bearing of two structures were calculated under the same journal tilt angle and eccentricity as well as different rotational speeds, and the effects of different structures on the static characteristics of lubrication at the same rotational speed were compared and analyzed, as well as the laws of the static characteristics parameters changing with rotational speed at the same structure. The calculation results show that under the same working condition, the maximum oil film pressure, load carrying capacity, friction force, friction coefficient and side leakage of the tilting stern bearing are smaller than those of the horizontal stern bearing. With the increase of speed, the maximum oil film pressure, load carrying capacity, friction force and side leakage of both stern bearings increase to different degrees, and the friction coefficient tends to decrease in general. The study results provide a theoretical reference for the optimal design of the stern bearing structure of ships for engineering applications.
2024,46(8): 88-93 收稿日期：2023-4-26
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2024.08.016
分类号：TH117.2
基金项目：工信部重大专项基础研究资助项目（2017-IV-0006-0043）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（51839005）；舟山市科技局资助项目（2023C41022）
作者简介：刘虹(1999-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为流体动力润滑及船舶动力系统性能优化分析
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