本文主要通过数值模拟方法对不同叶轮叶片结构参数的模型泵进行研究，分析叶片攻角、叶片拱度、叶片侧斜角度、叶片纵斜角度对水力性能和空化性能的影响规律。结果表明，随着攻角增大，扬程总体呈上升趋势，减小攻角能使高效工况范围往小流量方向偏移，增大攻角能使高效工况范围向大流量方向偏移，攻角减小时扬程升高但临界空化余量增大，空化性能变差，攻角增大时扬程和空化余量都有所下降。随着相对拱度增大，泵扬程增加，增加幅度随流量增大而变大，小于设计流量的工况效率变化不大，大于设计流量的工况随着相对拱度增大而提升，提升幅度随流量增加而增大，但空化余量有小幅降低，空化性能有所提升。随着叶轮叶片侧斜角度增大，扬程和效率都有所下降，设计点的临界空化余量有所下降，空化性能变好。随着纵斜角度增大，大流量工况的扬程及效率下降，高效区向小流量区域偏移，空化余量却有所增大，空化性能降低。
The research primarily involves the study of model pumps with different impeller blade structural parameters using numerical simulation methods. It analyzes the effects of blade angle of attack, blade curvature, blade skew angle, and blade lean angle on hydraulic performance and cavitation performance. The results indicate the following trends: As the angle of attack increases, the head generally increases. Decreasing the angle of attack shifts the efficient operating range towards lower flow rates, while increasing it shifts the efficient operating range towards higher flow rates. Decreasing the angle of attack increases the head and critical cavitation margin but worsens cavitation performance. Increasing the angle of attack results in a decrease in both head and cavitation margin. With an increase in relative curvature, the pump head increases, and the magnitude of the increase becomes larger as the flow rate increases. Efficiency changes little for conditions below the design flow rate, but for conditions above the design flow rate, efficiency increases with increasing relative curvature. However, there is a slight decrease in cavitation margin, leading to an improvement in cavitation performance. Increasing the blade skew angle leads to a decrease in head and efficiency, and the critical cavitation margin at the design point decreases, indicating improved cavitation performance. Increasing the blade lean angle results in a decrease in head and efficiency for high-flow conditions, shifting the efficient range towards lower flow rates. However, cavitation margin increases, indicating a decrease in cavitation performance.
2024,46(14): 1-7 收稿日期：2023-09-25
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2024.14.001
分类号：TH312
基金项目：国家自然科学基金重点项目（U20A20292）；中国博士后科学基金资助项目（2023M733355）；国家自然科学青年基金资助项目（51906085）；机械系统与振动国家重点实验室课题资助项目（MSV202203）；教育部“春晖计划”合作科研项目（202201691）
作者简介：万初瑞(1985-),男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为船舶推进器及水动力学。
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