为研究多堆燃料电池系统（MFCS）、锂电池为动力源的船舶混合动力系统的能量管理策略（EMS），本文提出一种基于粒子群优化（PSO）算法的多级功率分配策略。首先，利用一级EMS分析MFCS和锂电池需求功率，其次，构建以MFCS总效率为优化目标的二级MFCS协同控制策略，优化燃料电池之间的功率分配。最后，基于燃料电池混合动力船舶典型工况，分析船舶混合动力系统的功率分布、等效氢耗量及燃料电池系统效率、加减载速率。研究结果表明，与等效氢消耗最小化策略（ECMS）相比，该策略下的燃料电池1和燃料电池2的氢耗量分别降低了15%和23%，MFCS总效率提高了1.15%，且燃料电池的功率变化波动更小。该研究有助于提高混合动力系统中燃料电池的经济性和耐久性。
In order to study the energy management strategy (EMS) of a marine hybrid power system with a multi-stack fuel cell system (MFCS) and a lithium battery as the power source, the paper proposes a multilevel power allocation strategy based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Firstly, the power demanded by MFCS and lithium battery was analyzed using one-level EMS, and secondly, a two-level MFCS cooperative control strategy with the total efficiency of MFCS as the optimization objective was constructed to optimize the power allocation among fuel cells. Finally, based on the typical working conditions of fuel cell hybrid ships, the power distribution, equivalent hydrogen consumption and fuel cell system efficiency, and loading and unloading rates of the ship hybrid system were analyzed. The results show that compared with the equivalent hydrogen consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), the hydrogen consumption of fuel cell 1 and fuel cell 2 under this strategy is reduced by 15% and 23%, respectively, and the total efficiency of the MFCS is improved by 1.15%, and the power change fluctuation of the fuel cell is smaller. This study contributes to improving the economy and durability of fuel cells in hybrid power systems.
2024,46(14): 134-140 收稿日期：2023-09-12
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2024.14.022
分类号：U665.13
基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2022YFE0139200，2022YFB4301400）
作者简介：赵凡非(1999-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为燃料电池混合动力能量管理策略和电能控制技术
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