自主水下航行器（AUV）具有自主灵活、机动性强、扰动小和可塑性强等优点，是克服极地冰盖限制，探索两极冰下世界的重要方式。梳理各国极地AUV技术的发展与部署现状，介绍部分典型极地AUV的配置、应用与技术参数等，并对极地AUV关键技术进行详细分析，包括总体设计及优化技术、冰下导航与通信技术、极地布放回收技术、低温防护技术等内容。结合极地特殊环境条件与冰下作业需求，讨论极地AUV的未来发展趋势，为后续极地AUV的研制提供参考。
Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) has the advantages of autonomy, flexibility, strong maneuverability, low disturbance, and strong plasticity, making them an important way to overcome polar physical limitations and explore the polar ice world. This article reviews the development and deployment status of polar AUV technology in various countries, introduces the configuration, application, and technical parameters of some typical polar AUVs, and provides a detailed analysis of key technologies of polar AUVs, including the overall design and optimization technology, the under-ice navigation and communication technology, the polar deployment and retrieval technology, and the cryogenic protection technology. Based on the special environmental conditions in polar regions and the requirements of underwater exploration missions, the future development trends of polar AUVs were discussed, providing a reference for the subsequent development of polar AUVs.
2024,46(16): 1-9 收稿日期：2024-02-27
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2024.16.001
分类号：TP242
基金项目：工信部高技术船舶资助项目（MC-201919-C11）；国家自然基金资助项目（U22A2012）；广东省基础与应用基础研究基金资助项目（2023A1515012039）
作者简介：黄学涛（1999 – ），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为水下机器人技术
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