水润滑尾轴承通常安装在美人架和尾轴管中，轴承衬套的安装间隙大小直接影响到轴承刚度，从而对轴系振动产生影响，极大程度影响到舰船隐身性能。通过试验验证过盈配合和间隙配合2种安装结构的轴承在静载条件下的摩擦特性与振动特性。结果表明，2种安装间隙下的水润滑轴承的摩擦扭矩的变化趋势一致，均随载荷的增大而增大，随转速的升高而减小，间隙配合轴承的扭矩大于相同工况条件下过盈配合轴承的扭矩；在振动性能上，间隙配合轴承的振动幅值大于过盈配合的轴承，且相比于过盈配合轴承有更大机率出现高频特征频率。在相同工况条件下，过盈配合的轴承的摩擦特性和振动特性均优于间隙配合的轴承。
The water-lubricated stern bearing is usually installed in the beauty rack and the stern shaft tube. The installation gap between bearing bushing and stern shaft tube directly affects the bearing stiffness, thus affecting the shafting vibration and greatly affecting the stealth performance of the ship. The friction characteristics and vibration characteristics of the bearings with interference fit and clearance fit under static load conditions are verified by experiments. The results show that the friction torque of the bearings with two installation clearances increases with the increase of the load, decreases with the increase of the rotational speed. Under the same conditions, the friction torque of the bearing with clearance fit is greater than that of the bearing with interference fit. In terms of vibration characteristics, the vibration amplitude of the bearing with clearance fit is greater than that of the bearing with interference fit, and the probability of characteristic frequency at high frequency is greater. Under the condition of constant load, the friction characteristics and vibration characteristics of the bearing with interference fit are better than those of the bearing with clearance fit.
2024,46(18): 76-81 收稿日期：2023-11-13
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2024.18.013
分类号：TG164
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52241102，52071244，5210370）
作者简介：杨俊(1981-),男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为船舶振动控制
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