为研究深潜器在不同上浮姿态下的水动力特性，本文对1∶36的“蛟龙”号深潜器缩比简化模型进行水动力试验。通过六分量传感器得到不同上浮姿态下深潜器的阻力、升力和俯仰力矩，基于傅里叶变换方法获得升力功率谱；利用粒子图像测速法拍摄深潜器尾流流场，基于本征正交分解（POD）方法获得流场主要模态。结果表明，相比于垂直上浮姿态，以30°纵倾角上浮时阻力下降了38.2%，升力大小上涨了98.9%，俯仰力矩下降了20.8%，尾部尾流区漩涡消失，最大湍动能下降了33.6%；POD一阶模态下，上浮纵倾角从0°增加到10°，尾部尾流逆流区域面积减小，首部尾流高速区域面积增加，导致首部压力下降，尾部压力增大，使得升力方向发生改变。
In order to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of the manned deep-sea submersible in different surfacing attitudes, this paper carries out hydrodynamic tests on the scaled-down simplified model of the Jiaolong deep submersible of 1:36. The drag, lift and pitching moment of the submersible in different surfacing attitudes are obtained by six-component sensors, and the lift power spectrum is obtained based on the Fourier transform method; the flow field in the wake of the submersible is captured by the particle image velocimetry method, and the main modes of the flow field are obtained based on the intrinsic orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. The results show that, compared with the vertical surfacing attitude, the drag drops by 38.2%, the lift magnitude rises by 98.9%, the pitching moment drops by 20.8%, the vortex disappears in the stern wake area, and the maximal turbulent kinetic energy drops by 33.6% when surfacing at a 30° longitudinal rake angle; the increase of the surfacing longitudinal rake angle from 0° to 10° shifted the wake countercurrent area from the bow of the submersible to the stern, which resulted in the change of lift direction. In the POD first-order mode, the surfacing rake angle increases from 0° to 10°, the area of the stern wake countercurrent region decreases, and the area of the bow wake high-velocity region increases, resulting in a decrease in the bow pressure and an increase in the stern pressure, which makes the direction of lift change.
2024,46(20): 37-42 收稿日期：2024-1-15
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2024.20.007
分类号：U674.941
基金项目：江苏省自然科学基金资助项目（BK20191459）
作者简介：王杉(2001-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为海工装备数字化设计理论与方法
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