海洋内波作为密度稳定层化海水内部的一种波动，在海水的水平和垂直交换过程中引起温、盐等海水内部结构的剧烈变化，同时也会对于水下的声速梯度结构产生较大影响。基于某海域中捕获的内波现象，从不同声源探测深度、接收深度、频率及相位变化等方面对其在负梯度环境下的声传播特性展开研究。结果表明，内波的存在可以增大传播损失，减小声呐的探测距离，而且随着声源深度的增加，传播损失先减小后增大，当声源处于内波最大振幅一半处时，声传播损失最小。对于不同接收深度处的传播损失也有着类似的结论，且传播损失较大时，其相应的相位变化最小，反之亦然。
As a kind of fluctuation in the density stable stratified seawater, the internal wave of the ocean causes drastic changes in the internal structure of seawater such as temperature and salt during the horizontal and vertical exchange of seawater, and has a great impact on the underwater sound velocity gradient structure. Based on the internal wave phenomenon captured in a certain sea area, the acoustic propagation characteristics of different sound sources in a negative gradient environment are studied from the aspects of detection depth, reception depth, frequency, and phase variation. The results show that the existence of internal waves can increase the propagation loss and reduce the detection distance of sonar, and with the increase of the depth of the sound source, the propagation loss decreases first and then increases, and the sound propagation loss is the smallest when the sound source is at half of the maximum amplitude of the internal wave. A similar conclusion is reached for the propagation loss at different reception depths, and the corresponding phase change is the smallest when the propagation loss is large, and vice versa.
2024,46(20): 137-141 收稿日期：2023-12-11
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2024.20.025
分类号：O427.1
作者简介：张世崧(1987-),男,硕士,研究方向为海洋声学
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