为研究在高温高速排气中使用低压喷雾冷却的传热传质特征，本文采用理论推导的方法建立了适用于高速排气中喷雾冷却快速计算模型，包括基于热力学理论的喷水量零维计算模型、基于喷雾学的液滴粒径和液滴受力零维计算模型、基于拉格朗日法的单液滴蒸发运动轨迹二维模型。基于这些模型，先分析采用柴油机海水泵低压供水喷雾的粒径，阐释高速排气弥补海水泵供水压力低的不足，减小液滴粒径的原理；然后分析排气管道内液滴的沉降风险，从液滴受力的角度说明在竖直管道内进行低压喷雾冷却的优越性；最后研究并比价了水平管道和竖直管道内低压喷雾单个液滴的运动蒸发轨迹，直观展示出液滴蒸发与运动关系的生命历程。 结果表明，在竖直管道内采用低压逆流喷雾是效果最佳的喷雾冷却方式。
In order to study the heat and mass transfer characteristics of low pressure spray cooling applied in high temperature and high speed exhaust, a rapid calculation model for spray cooling in high-speed exhaust was established via theoretical derivation. Including a zero-dimensional model of cooling water mass flow rate based on thermodynamic theory, a zero-dimensional model of droplet diameter and droplet force based on spray theory, and a two-dimension model of single droplet evaporation trajectory based on Lagrange method. Based on these models, the droplet size of low pressure spray supplied by diesel engine seawater pump was analyzed first, and the reason of reducing droplet size by taking advantage of high speed exhaust was explained. Then the droplet force was analyzed to estimate its separation probability, and proofed the advantageous of vertical pipe.Finally, the trajectories of single droplet in horizontal and vertical pipes were studied and optimized as evaporation considered. Results show that counter-current spray in vertical pipe is the best choice for low pressure spray cooling.
2024,46(21): 81-86 收稿日期：2024-1-30
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2024.21.014
分类号：TK421.5
基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目（51906074)
作者简介：邓鹏(1987-),男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为船舶系统工程
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