美军正在创新水下网络中心战、21世纪反潜作战、多域战、马赛克战等海上作战概念，结合“分布式、智能化、无人化”的浪潮，探索触手前伸、节点后置的新型反潜作战模式，利用大量低成本分布式无人机（UAV）、无人船（USV）、无人潜航器（UUV）携带多模传感器构建立体协同的探潜网络；推进大中型无人舰、反潜无人机和超大型无人潜航器等无人反潜作战平台，与水面舰艇、反潜巡逻机、攻击型潜艇等有人作战平台协同作战的反潜作战体系。本文首先从水下监听系统、航空反潜、海上反潜、水下反潜4个方面分析了美军反潜装备体系发展现状，进而从自主式、协同式、集群式3个方面分析了反潜杀伤链发展趋势。建议将网络化、智能化、无人化要素引入反潜作战体系研究，尽早进行技术验证、体系磨合、实战演练，为反潜作战领域追平差距提供牵引。
The US military is innovating underwater network-centric warfare, 21st century anti-submarine warfare, multi-domain warfare, Mosaic warfare and other maritime combat concepts, combined with the wave of "distributed, intelligent, unmanned", exploring new anti-submarine warfare modes with tentacles reaching forward and nodes positioned behind. Using a large number of low-cost distributed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), unmanned surface vessels (USV) and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV) to carry multi-mode sensors, a three-dimensional collaborative submarine exploration network is constructed. It will promote an anti-submarine warfare system in which unmanned anti-submarine combat platforms, such as large and medium-sized unmanned ships, anti-submarine drones, and ultra-large unmanned underwater vehicles, coordinate operations with manned combat platforms, such as surface ships, anti-submarine patrol aircraft, and attack submarines. This paper first analyzes the development status of the US military's anti-submarine equipment system from four aspects: underwater listening system, aviation anti-submarine, maritime anti-submarine and underwater anti-submarine, and then analyzes the development trend of the anti-submarine kill chain from three aspects: autonomous, cooperative and cluster. It is suggested that network, intelligent and unmanned elements should be introduced into the research of anti-submarine warfare system, and technical verification, system running-in and actual combat exercises should be carried out as soon as possible to provide traction for closing the gap in the field of anti-submarine warfare.
2024,46(23): 184-189 收稿日期：2024-1-17
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2024.23.033
分类号：U674.7
基金项目：JKW国防科技创新特区资助项目（23-TQ02-01-ZT-01-003，23-TQ02-01-ZT-01-004）
作者简介：王兆杰(1985-),男,博士,研究员,研究方向为体系创新
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