风能作为一种清洁的可再生能源越来越受到世界各国的重视，而风机作为风电技术发展的关键设备，风机叶片形状及其气动性直接影响到风力发电机转换风能的效率。本文基于鸟类羽翼研究，以NREL5 MW风机叶片为标准叶片，设计出一种前缘凸起的仿生叶片，利用STAR-CCM+软件对仿生叶片进行数值模拟，与标准叶片的压力和流场特性进行对比，以探讨标准叶片和仿生叶片在不同工况下的气动性能变化规律。结果表明，风机叶片的非光滑前缘凸起能够抑制风机叶片在大攻角下的失速特性，并且改变前缘结构叶片对提高升力和升阻比有一定的作用，对风机发电效率的提高提供了一种新想法。
As a clean and renewable energy source, wind energy is becoming more and more important to countries around the world. As a key equipment for the development of wind power technology, the shape and aerodynamics of wind turbine blades directly affect the efficiency of wind energy conversion by wind turbines. In this thesis, based on the study of bird feathers, a kind of bionic blade with raised leading edge is designed with NREL 5MW wind turbine blade as the standard blade, and numerical simulation of the bionic blade is carried out by using STAR-CCM+ software to compare the pressure and flow field characteristics with those of the standard blade, in order to explore the change rule of aerodynamic performance of the standard blade and the bionic blade under different working conditions. The results show that the non-smooth leading edge projection of the fan blade can inhibit the stall characteristics of the fan blade under large angle of attack, and the blade with changed leading edge structure has a certain effect on the improvement of lift and lift-to-drag ratio, which provides a new idea for the improvement of fan power generation efficiency.
2025,47(1): 24-32 收稿日期：2024-3-20
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.01.005
分类号：U661
基金项目：江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目（SJCX23_2206）
作者简介：汪伟(1996-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为船舶与海洋结构物流体性能
参考文献：
[1] 张旭耀, 杨从新, 李寿图, 等. 风剪切来流下风机流场特性与风轮气动载荷研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2019, 40(11): 3281-3288.
ZHANG X Y, YANG C X, LI S T, et al. Study on flow field characteristics of wind turbine and aerodynamic loading of wind turbine under wind shear incoming flow[J]. Journal of Solar Energy, 2019, 40(11): 3281-3288.
[2] 胡盈彬, 刘小民, 覃万翔, 等. 仿生尾缘襟翼设计及其对轴流风机气动性能的影响研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(S1): 143-152.
HU Y B, LIU X M, QIN W X, et al. Study on bionic trailing edge flap design and its effect on aerodynamic performance of axial fan[J]. Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 43(S1): 143-152.
[3] 宋磊, 马超, 张明柱, 等. 仿鱼脊翼型垂直轴风机三维性能[J]. 河南科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 39(5): 6-14.
SONG L, MA C, ZHANG M Z, et al. Three-dimensional performance of vertical axis wind turbine imitating fish spine airfoil[J]. Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2018, 39(5): 6-14.
[4] 王骥月, 丛茜, 梁宁, 等. 基于海鸥翼型的小型风力机叶片仿生设计与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(10): 72-77.
WANG J Y, CONG X, LIANG N, et al. Bionic design and test of small wind turbine blade based on gull wing shape[J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(10): 72-77.
[5] XIN H, ZHANG C H, ZHANG C H, et al. Wind turbine bionic blade design and performance analysis[J]. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 2019, 60: 258-265.
[6] 马列, 刘阳, 刘小民. 采用吸力面仿鱼形叶片的多翼离心风机气动性能研究[J]. 风机技术, 2022, 64(2): 9-16.
MA L, LIU Y, LIU X M. Research on aerodynamic performance of multi-wing centrifugal fan with suction surface imitating fish-shaped blade[J]. Fan Technology, 2022, 64(2): 9-16.
[7] 廖庚华, 胡钦超, 杨莹等. 基于典型鸟类翅膀特征的小型轴流风机叶片仿生设计与试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2012, 42(5): 1163-1167.
LIAO G H, HU Q C, YANG Y, et al. Bionic design and test of small axial fan blade based on typical bird wing characteristics[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering Edition), 2012, 42(5): 1163-1167.
[8] 刘燕. 水平轴潮流能水轮机仿生叶片设计及水动力性能研究[D]. 镇江: 江苏科技大学, 2021.
[9] D SERSON, J R MENEGHINI. Numerical study of wings with wavy leading and trailing edges[J]. Procedia IUTAM, 2015, 14: 563-569.
[10] MARTIQUA L P, ROBERT D, ANTHONY R S, et al. Effect of bio-inspired sinusoidal leading-edges on wings[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2018, 81: 128-140.
[11] WANG Z Y, WANG Y C, ZHUANG M. Improvement of the aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbines with leading-edge serrations and helical blades using CFD and taguchi method [J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2018, 177;107-121.
[12] JONKMAN J M, BUTTERFIELD S, MUSIAL W, et al. Definition of a 5 MW reference wind turbine for offshore system development[M]. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO., 2009.
[13] 姚伟伟. 基于鸮翼特征的仿生耦合风机叶片气动性能研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆大学, 2021.
[14] MENTER, F. R. ZonaL two equation kw turbulence models for aerodynamic flows[C]//In Proceedings of the 23rd FLuid Dynamics, PLasmadynamics, and Lasers Conference, OrLando, FL, USA, 1993, 7: 6-9.
[15] JONKMAN J, BUTTERFIELD S, MUSIAL W, et al. Definition of a 5 MW reference wind turbine for offshore system deveLopment[J]. United States, 2009.
