在海上进行细长杆件类结构物吊装作业时，吊重从水平放置的位置开始起吊直到脱离地面的过程中，由于船舶运动等因素造成的影响使得细长杆件会意外的发生滑动导致货物或船舶的损坏甚至对工作人员的安全产生威胁。因此，本文对海上细长杆件单点起吊过程进行研究，首先通过静力学分析，探讨细长杆件不发生滑动的限制条件，并在工作空间范围内研究细长杆件不发生滑动的区域，接下来通过动力学分析，使用Matlab/Simulink软件对不同摩擦系数、不同提升速度和不同船舶运动情况下的安全工作空间范围影响进行分析，最后通过起吊实验，测量细长杆件发生滑动时与地面间的摩擦系数。通过分析结果可以让操作人员更好地控制起重机的姿态和提升速度来防止细长杆件的滑动，也为海上细长杆件类结构物吊装过程的优化和控制策略研究提供了理论基础。
During the lifting operations of slender payload at sea, the process of lifting the payload from a horizontally placed position until it leaves the ground can lead to unexpected slipping of the slender payload due to the impact of factors such as the movement of the ship, causing damage to the cargo or the ship and even posing a threat to the safety of the workers. Therefore, this paper investigates the single-point lifting process of slender payload at sea. Firstly, through static analysis, the limiting conditions under which the slender payload do not slip are discussed, and the regions within the working space where the slender rods do not slide are analysed. Then, through dynamic analysis, the impact of different friction coefficients, lifting speeds, and ship motions on the safe working space is analyzed using Matlab/Simulink. Finally, through lifting experiments, the friction coefficient between the slender rods and the ground when sliding occurs is measured. The results of the analysis allow operators to better control the crane's posture and lifting speed to prevent the slipping of slender payload, and also provide a theoretical basis for the optimization and control strategy research of the lifting process of slender payload at sea.
2025,47(2): 88-95 收稿日期：2024-3-20
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.02.015
分类号：U653
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52101396）；国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFC0309003）
作者简介：孙泽文（1998 – ），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为船舶机电一体化
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