为了掌握冰水混合环境中航行船舶的载荷特性，选用带有舵的KCS船体模型。基于 RANS 方程数值求解的方法，预报不同网格下船模阻力的大小，验证数值计算的准确性。然后通过离散元法对冰水阻力数值计算，分析船舶-流体-碎冰间耦合特性，确定3个方向上冰载荷的变化规律。分析冰水阻力、冲量、碎冰能量与航速、碎冰尺寸、密集度之间的关系，对比开敞水域和碎冰水域中波面起伏的变化情况。研究表明，数值仿真结果与试验值偏差在0.5%～2.6%之间。碎冰水域较开敞水域波面起伏更小，船模尾部波高大于艏部。冲量、冰水阻力、碎冰能量均随航速、碎冰尺寸、密集度的增大而增大。
To understand the load characteristics of ships navigating in ice-water mixed environments, a KCS ship model with a rudder was chosen. Using the numerical solution method based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, the impact of different grid sizes on ship resistance was predicted to validate the accuracy of numerical calculations. Subsequently, the discrete element method was employed for numerical computation of ice-water loads, analyzing the coupling characteristics between the ship, fluid, and broken ice, and establishing the variation patterns of ice loads in three directions. The relationship between ice-water loads, impulse, broken ice energy, and ship speed, broken ice size, and density was analyzed. A comparison of wave surface fluctuations in open water and ice-infested waters was conducted. The study revealed that the deviation between numerical simulation results and experimental values ranged from 0.5% to 2.6%, with the $ \mathrm{R}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{z}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\;k-\varepsilon $ turbulence model producing results closer to the experimental values. In ice-infested waters, the fluctuation of wave surfaces was smaller compared to open water, and the wave height at the stern of the ship model was greater than that at the bow. Impulse, ice-water loads, and broken ice energy all increase with the increase of ship speed, broken ice size, and concentration.
2025,47(4): 51-58 收稿日期：2024-5-22
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.04.009
分类号：U661
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52101315，52071162，51879123）；江苏省自然科学基金资助项目（BK20231345）
作者简介：张金龙(1996-),男,博士,研究方向为船舶与海洋工程水动力
参考文献：
[1] 张金龙, 石玉云, 李志富. 碎冰水域近岸壁航行船舶的载荷特性[J]. 船舶工程, 2023, 45(6): 45-51.
ZHANG J L, SHI Y Y, LI Z F. Load characteristics of a ship sailing near the shore wall in crushed ice water[J]. Ship Engineering, 2023, 45(6): 45-51.
[2] DOGRUL A, SONG S, DEMIREL Y K. Scale effect on ship resistance components and form factor[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2020, 209: 107428.
[3] KAZEROONI M F, SEIF M S. On the scale effects of resistance model tests of high-speed monohulls[J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Science and Engineering, 2019, 41(4): 1-14.
[4] DE MARCO A, MANCINI S, MIRANDA S, et al. Experimental and numerical hydrodynamic analysis of a stepped planing hull[J]. Applied Ocean Research, 2017, 64: 135-154.
[5] CORLETT E, SNAITH G. Some aspects of icebreaker design[J]. Trans Royal Institute of Naval Architecture, 1964, 106(4): 389-413.
[6] LUO W, JIANG D, WU 'T. Numerical simulation of an ice-strengthened bulk carrier in brash ice channel [U]. Ocean Engineering, 2020, 196: 106830.
[7] MCGOVERN D J, BAI W. Experimental study on kinematics of sea ice floes in regular waves[J]. Cold Regions Science Technology, 2014, 103: 15-30.
[8] CUNDALL P A, STRACK O D. A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies[J]. Geotechnique, 1979, 29(1): 47-65.
[9] HANSEN E H, LØSET S. Modelling floating offshore units moored in broken ice: model description[J]. Cold Regions Science Technology, 1999, 29(2): 97-106.
[10] HUANG L, LI M, IGREC B. Simulation of a ship advancing in floating ice floes, F, 2019 [C]//Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (POAC).
[11] 李政. 碎冰在船舶艏部翻转过程的刚体动力学模型研究 [D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2021.
[12] XUE Y, ZHONG K, NI B Y, et al. A combined experimental and numerical approach to predict ship resistance and power demand in broken ice[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2024, 292: 116476.
[13] TANG X, ZOU M, ZOU Z, et al. A parametric study on the ice resistance of a ship sailing in pack ice based on CFD-DEM method[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2022, 265: 112563.
[14] SONG M, KIM E, AMDAHL J. Fluid-structure-interaction analysis of an ice block-structure collision[C]//International Conference on port and ocean engineering under arctic conditions, 2015.
