复杂海洋环境中，舰船速度控制忽略外部环境因素影响，仅关注动力系统特性，难以准确反映舰船状态变化，导致控制效果不佳。因此，提出基于模型预测控制的舰船速度控制算法。建立舰船离散时间状态空间方程，利用模型预测控制，预测舰船速度状态，设定约束并构建舰船速度控制目标函数，滚动优化方式求解，得到舰船速度控制方案，确保舰船稳定控制。实验证明，该算法在舰船加速及排水量波动多种情况下，均能有效控制舰船速度，使舰船速度快速稳定在目标速度附近，且超调量小，展现出优越的抗干扰性能，使该方法在船舶自动驾驶、海上航行安全及舰船动力系统优化等领域具有广泛的应用前景，为提升舰船在复杂海洋环境中的航行性能和安全性提供了有力的技术支持。
In complex marine environments, ship speed control ignores external environmental factors and only focuses on the characteristics of the power system, making it difficult to accurately reflect changes in the ship's state, resulting in poor control effectiveness. Therefore, a ship speed control algorithm based on model predictive control is proposed. Establish a discrete-time state space equation for the ship, use model predictive control to predict the ship's speed state, set constraints and construct the ship's speed control objective function, solve through rolling optimization, and obtain the ship's speed control scheme to ensure stable ship control. Experimental results have shown that this algorithm can effectively control the speed of ships under various conditions such as ship acceleration and displacement fluctuations, ensuring that the ship speed quickly stabilizes near the target speed with minimal overshoot and superior anti-interference performance. This method has broad application prospects in areas such as ship autonomous driving, maritime navigation safety, and ship power system optimization, providing strong technical support for improving the navigation performance and safety of ships in complex marine environments.
2025,47(8): 166-170 收稿日期：2024-8-12
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.08.028
分类号：U664.82
作者简介：闫娓(1985-),女,讲师/工程师, 研究方向为机床电气控制和智能控制
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