当前，氯酸盐化学供氧装置被各国海军广泛应用于潜艇舱室氧气供应中。本文分析了潜艇舱室氯酸盐化学供氧装置的工作原理与装置组成，分别从提高供氧稳定性、增强本质热安全性、防止外部污染和控制毒害气体释放4个方面归纳了近年来氯酸盐化学供氧装置的研究进展，指出未来需要在建立实际条件下的氯酸盐催化分解过程及动力学特征认知、深化对金属燃料与催化剂耦合效应的理解与运用、明晰毒害气体来源与生成机制等方向继续深入开展研究工作。本文可为潜艇舱室新型化学供氧装置的设计开发提供参考。
At present, the chlorate-based chemical oxygen generation apparatus has been extensively employed by the world’s navies for the submarine cabin oxygen supply. This review first introduced the general principle and composition of the chemical oxygen generation apparatus for submarine cabins. Then, recent progress on the chemical oxygen generation apparatus, including improving the oxygen supply stability, enhancing the intrinsic thermal safety, preventing the external pollution and controlling the toxic gas release, was summarized. In the end, more research efforts were suggested to understand the catalytic decomposition process and kinetics of chlorate under more practical conditions, utilize the coupling effects of the metal fuel and catalyst, as well as clarify the sources and generation mechanisms of toxic gases. We believe this review will contribute to the design and development of novel chemical oxygen generation apparatus for submarine cabins.
2025,47(9): 1-8 收稿日期：2024-5-28
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.09.001
分类号：E925；U664.6
基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目（21876204）
作者简介：王馨博（1993-），男，博士，讲师，研究方向为潜艇舱室空气质量控制
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