球鼻首结构与刚体和冰载荷的碰撞机理研究

On the crash mechanism of bulbous bow with rigid body and ice load

刘伯运¹, 周晓松², 陈如木¹, 张岳林²

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作者单位：1. 海军工程大学 动力工程学院, 湖北 武汉 430033;
2. 中国人民解放军军事科学院 国防科技创新研究院, 北京 100071;
3. 91404部队91分队, 河北 秦皇岛 066001

中文关键字：球鼻首;耐撞性;动能;内能;有限元法;刚体;冰载荷;塑性失效

英文关键字：bulbous bow; crashworthiness; kinetic energy; internal energy; FEM; rigid body; ice load; plastic failure

中文摘要：球鼻首耐撞性是船体结构意外极限状态设计和安全评估的重要内容，为了在相应的意外事件中结合相关准则评估结构吸能能力，结构耐撞性特征进行分析应当被充分考虑。本文基于非线性有限元法，对典型球鼻首结构与刚体和冰载荷的碰撞机理进行研究。结果表明，船首与刚体碰撞时，除与刚体接触的区域损伤失效外，甲板也产生了塑性变形，其挠度约为型宽的5.3%。无论与刚体还是冰载荷碰撞时，球鼻首外板的应力-时间曲线和内能-时间曲线都呈现出高度非线性，其振动周期约为4 ms。船首与冰载荷碰撞时，各构件的吸能大小顺序依次为主船体外板、球鼻首外板、甲板、纵向加强筋和横向加强筋。可见，在球鼻首耐撞性设计和预报中，球鼻首的振动、甲板的变形应被充分考虑，纵向加强筋的数目应被适当增加。

英文摘要：The crashworthiness of bulbous bow is an important aspect of hull structures accidental ultimate state design and security assessment. The present work researched the crash mechanism of bulbous bow with rigid body and ice load using non-linear finite element method, the results shows that Bow and rigid body collision, damage and failure zone in the rigid body contact, the deck also produced vibration deformation, the deflection is about 5% wide type; No matter with rigid or ice collision load, bulbous bow plate stress time curve and energy time curve are highly nonlinear, the vibration period of bulbous bow is about 4 ms; Bow and ice load collision, can absorb the order of main hull plate, bulbous bow plate, deck, longitudinal ribs and transverse ribs of each member. Therefore, in the crashworthiness design and forecast of bulbous bow, the vibration of bulbous bow and deformation of deck plate should be sufficiently considered, the amount of vertical stiffeners should be raised adequately.

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