攻击型水下无人航行器（UUV）是世界各国水下武器装备的研究重点，具有隐蔽性高、作战范围广、使用成本低的特点，其水下武器弹射装置需在大深度范围内，使用较小的重量和体积，实现大载荷水下武器弹射。传统潜艇用气动式，气水活塞式弹射装置已不能满足其使用需求。文中提出一种采用液压多级同步助推活塞式结构的水下UUV用弹射装置，使用水压平衡式弹射原理，在较小的空间与重量下，实现全深度范围大载荷武器弹射。本文首先对发射过程中平台的负载变化进行分析与函数拟合，在Amesim软件仿真环境中，搭建液压弹射全过程的仿真模型，仿真结果显示，该弹射装置完全满足加速度，速度等技术指标要求，且其能量释放可控性大幅优于现役潜用气动弹射装置，是未来UUV用水下弹射装置的重要发展方向。
Research of attack underwater unmanned vehicle (UUV) is the focus of areas of underwater weapons and equipment all over the world due to the characteristics of high concealment, wide operational range and low cost of use. The underwater launch process of weapons with large payload should be realized over a large depth range and the launcher of UUV is required to small weight and volume. Considering the inapplicability of traditional pneumatic launcher, a kind of UUV catapult with hydraulic multi-stage synchronous booster piston structure is presented in this paper. Adopting the principle of hydraulic equilibrium, the weapon launch with large payload is realized over a large depth range by use of small volume and weight catapult structure. Analysis and fitting of payload variation for UUV in the launch process is firstly carried out. Model of launch process is established in the simulation environment by AMESIM software. According to the simulation results, technical indicators of the acceleration and terminal velocity of weapons can be satisfied as well as the energy release can be controlled better than the current pneumatic catapult. Thus, research of catapult with hydraulic multi-stage synchronous booster piston structure will be important development direction of UUV in the future.
2020,42(12): 58-62 收稿日期：2020-07-02
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2020.12.011
分类号：U666;TJ63
作者简介：马翔(1989-),男,工程师,从事水下弹射装置设计
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